java传输路径数据流,Java8数据流

流/Stream是在JAVA8中引入的一个抽象，可以处理类似SQL语句声明数据。 例如，考虑下面的SQL语句。

SELECT max(salary),employee_id,employee_name FROM Employee

上面的SQL表达式会自动返回最大薪水员工的细节，没有对开发者的最终做任何计算。在Java中使用集合框架，开发人员必须使用循环，使检查反复。另一个值得关注的是效率，多核处理器可放心，Java开发人员必须编写的并行代码处理，但是非常容易出错。

为了解决这样的问题，JAVA8引入了流的概念，它允许开发者通过声明处理数据，并可以leverate多核架构，而不需要编写任何特定的代码。

什么是数据流？

流代表从支持聚合操作源的序列的对象。以下是数据流的特点。

元素序列 - 流提供了一组特定类型的以顺序方式元素。流获取/计算需求的元素。它不存储元素。

源- 流使用集合，数组或I/O资源为输入源。

聚合操作 - 数据流支持如filter, map, limit, reduced, find, match等聚合操作。

管道传输 - 大多数流操作的返回流本身使他们的结果可以被管道传输。这些操作被称为中间操作以及它们的功能是利用输入，处理输入和输出返回到目标。collect()方法是终端操作，这是通常出现在管道传输操作结束标记流的结束。

自动迭代 - 流操作内部做了反复对比，其中明确迭代需要集合提供源元素。

生成数据流

使用Java8，Collection 接口有两个方法来生成流。

stream() -返回顺序流考虑集合作为其源。

parallelStream() - 返回并行数据流考虑集合作为其源。

List strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");

List filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList());

ForEach

数据流提供了新的forEach方法遍历该流中的每个元素。考虑下面的例子打印10个随机数字。

Random random = new Random();

random.ints().limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);

map

map方法用于映射每个元素对应的结果。考虑下面的例子打印唯一的方形数字。

List numbers = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 5);

//get list of unique squares

List squaresList = numbers.stream().map( i -> i*i).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());

filter

filter方法用于消除基于标准元素。考虑下面的例子打印空字符串计数(总数)。

Liststrings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");

//get count of empty string

int count = strings.stream().filter(string -> string.isEmpty()).count();

limit

limit 方法用于减少流的大小。考虑下面的例子打印10个随机数字。

Random random = new Random();

random.ints().limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);

sorted

sorted方法用来流排序。考虑下面的例子打印10个随机数字的排序顺序。

Random random = new Random();

random.ints().limit(10).sorted().forEach(System.out::println);

并行处理

parallelStream是流进行并行处理的替代方案。考虑下面的例子打印空字符串计数。

List strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");

//get count of empty string

int count = strings.parallelStream().filter(string -> string.isEmpty()).count();

这是很容易在顺序和并行的流之间进行切换。

收集器

收集器是用来处理组合在一个数据流的元素的结果。收集器可用于返回一个列表或一个字符串。

Liststrings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");

List filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println("Filtered List: " + filtered);

String mergedString = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));

System.out.println("Merged String: " + mergedString);

统计

使用Java8，统计收集器引入计算所有统计数据时，流处理可以做这些。

List numbers = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 5);

IntSummaryStatistics stats = integers.stream().mapToInt((x) -> x).summaryStatistics();

System.out.println("Highest number in List : " + stats.getMax());

System.out.println("Lowest number in List : " + stats.getMin());

System.out.println("Sum of all numbers : " + stats.getSum());

System.out.println("Average of all numbers : " + stats.getAverage());

Stream 例子

选择使用任何编辑器创建以下java程序在C:/> JAVA

Java8Tester.java

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.IntSummaryStatistics;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Random;

import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import java.util.Map;

public class Java8Tester {

public static void main(String args[]){

System.out.println("Using Java 7: ");

// Count empty strings

List strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");

System.out.println("List: " +strings);

long count = getCountEmptyStringUsingJava7(strings);

System.out.println("Empty Strings: " + count);

count = getCountLength3UsingJava7(strings);

System.out.println("Strings of length 3: " + count);

//Eliminate empty string

List filtered = deleteEmptyStringsUsingJava7(strings);

System.out.println("Filtered List: " + filtered);

//Eliminate empty string and join using comma.

String mergedString = getMergedStringUsingJava7(strings,", ");

System.out.println("Merged String: " + mergedString);

List numbers = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 5);

//get list of square of distinct numbers

List squaresList = getSquares(numbers);

System.out.println("Squares List: " + squaresList);

List integers = Arrays.asList(1,2,13,4,15,6,17,8,19);

System.out.println("List: " +integers);

System.out.println("Highest number in List : " + getMax(integers));

System.out.println("Lowest number in List : " + getMin(integers));

System.out.println("Sum of all numbers : " + getSum(integers));

System.out.println("Average of all numbers : " + getAverage(integers));

System.out.println("Random Numbers: ");

//print ten random numbers

Random random = new Random();

for(int i=0; i < 10; i++){

System.out.println(random.nextInt());

}

System.out.println("Using Java 8: ");

System.out.println("List: " +strings);

count = strings.stream().filter(string->string.isEmpty()).count();

System.out.println("Empty Strings: " + count);

count = strings.stream().filter(string -> string.length() == 3).count();

System.out.println("Strings of length 3: " + count);

filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println("Filtered List: " + filtered);

mergedString = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));

System.out.println("Merged String: " + mergedString);

squaresList = numbers.stream().map( i -> i*i).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println("Squares List: " + squaresList);

System.out.println("List: " +integers);

IntSummaryStatistics stats = integers.stream().mapToInt((x) -> x).summaryStatistics();

System.out.println("Highest number in List : " + stats.getMax());

System.out.println("Lowest number in List : " + stats.getMin());

System.out.println("Sum of all numbers : " + stats.getSum());

System.out.println("Average of all numbers : " + stats.getAverage());

System.out.println("Random Numbers: ");

random.ints().limit(10).sorted().forEach(System.out::println);

//parallel processing

count = strings.parallelStream().filter(string -> string.isEmpty()).count();

System.out.println("Empty Strings: " + count);

}

private static int getCountEmptyStringUsingJava7(List strings){

int count = 0;

for(String string: strings){

if(string.isEmpty()){

count++;

}

}

return count;

}

private static int getCountLength3UsingJava7(List strings){

int count = 0;

for(String string: strings){

if(string.length() == 3){

count++;

}

}

return count;

}

private static List deleteEmptyStringsUsingJava7(List strings){

List filteredList = new ArrayList();

for(String string: strings){

if(!string.isEmpty()){

filteredList.add(string);

}

}

return filteredList;

}

private static String getMergedStringUsingJava7(List strings, String seperator){

StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

for(String string: strings){

if(!string.isEmpty()){

stringBuilder.append(string);

stringBuilder.append(seperator);

}

}

String mergedString = stringBuilder.toString();

return mergedString.substring(0, mergedString.length()-2);

}

private static List getSquares(List numbers){

List squaresList = new ArrayList();

for(Integer number: numbers){

Integer square = new Integer(number.intValue() * number.intValue());

if(!squaresList.contains(square)){

squaresList.add(square);

}

}

return squaresList;

}

private static int getMax(List numbers){

int max = numbers.get(0);

for(int i=1;i< numbers.size();i++){

Integer number = numbers.get(i);

if(number.intValue() > max){

max = number.intValue();

}

}

return max;

}

private static int getMin(List numbers){

int min = numbers.get(0);

for(int i=1;i< numbers.size();i++){

Integer number = numbers.get(i);

if(number.intValue() < min){

min = number.intValue();

}

}

return min;

}

private static int getSum(List numbers){

int sum = numbers.get(0);

for(int i=1;i< numbers.size();i++){

sum += numbers.get(i).intValue();

}

return sum;

}

private static int getAverage(List numbers){

return getSum(numbers) / numbers.size();

}

}

验证结果

使用javac编译器编译如下类

C:\JAVA>javac Java8Tester.java

现在运行Java8Tester看到的结果

C:\JAVA>java Java8Tester

看到结果

Using Java 7:

List: [abc, , bc, efg, abcd, , jkl]

Empty Strings: 2

Strings of length 3: 3

Filtered List: [abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl]

Merged String: abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl

Squares List: [9, 4, 49, 25]

List: [1, 2, 13, 4, 15, 6, 17, 8, 19]

Highest number in List : 19

Lowest number in List : 1

Sum of all numbers : 85

Average of all numbers : 9

Random Numbers:

-1279735475

903418352

-1133928044

-1571118911

628530462

18407523

-881538250

-718932165

270259229

421676854

Using Java 8:

List: [abc, , bc, efg, abcd, , jkl]

Empty Strings: 2

Strings of length 3: 3

Filtered List: [abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl]

Merged String: abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl

Squares List: [9, 4, 49, 25]

List: [1, 2, 13, 4, 15, 6, 17, 8, 19]

Highest number in List : 19

Lowest number in List : 1

Sum of all numbers : 85

Average of all numbers : 9.444444444444445

Random Numbers:

-1009474951

-551240647

-2484714

181614550

933444268

1227850416

1579250773

1627454872

1683033687

1798939493

Empty Strings: 2

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