signature=71dff6e64127debf7a15bbfe9bb00b55,„The Middle–Class Bookcase" – Cultural Heritage and Model...

摘要：

This paper analyses, through transformation of "the middle class bookcase" as a middle-class culture and education symbol as well as a visible element of the middle-class population's educational status and social standing, the attitude of new Yugoslav authorities toward middle-class heritage, both cultural and spiritual, in the course of the first few years after the World War II. The multiple "middle class bookcase" mnemonic has made possible to overlook the relation at stake in its various segments, forms of manifestation and measures taken. Two general attitudes were identified. The first one, dominating at the beginning of the period, refers to the perception of "the middle class bookcase", e. g. of both its owners and middle-class writers and their works that kept on feeding its shelves, as expressions of the middle-class governing position with both its cultural domination and cultural exploitation practices, which were meant to be destroyed themselves. The attitude of the kind was demonstrated by the National Liberation Army behavior. The Army was a factor of power which was hard to control, and its behavior was connected to a mixture of prevailing countrymen-fighters' ignorance and a firewood shortage that took place in the winter of 1944-1945. Rich libraries and legacies owned by some of the outstanding middle-class members - among which were both Branko Lazarevic, a writer and a diplomat, and Miroslav Spalajkovic, a diplomat - were partly or completely burnt and swiped. That attitude lost its impetus after a period of peace had started and the administration had been consolidated. However, it did not disappear but was transformed instead - by judicial measures directives and regulation - into measures and actions the purpose of which was eliminating of both books and writers ideological character of which was perceived as suspicious, and the contents of books as destructive ones. In several occasions a register of forbidden books and writers that should be removed from bookstores, antiquary shops and editorial companies that had not been handed over to the state, used to be made. One of those indexes, made up in early January 1947 as a classification of forbidden literature in nine groups, was in due course verified by judicial decisions. Among the others it comprised 64 middle-class elite members which were proclaimed either national apostates or ideological and political opponents. Slobodan Jovanovic, Dragisa Vasic, Milos Crnjanski, Pastko Petrovic, Milan Kasanin and Ksenija Atanasijevic are some of those. Therewith the society was deprived from a part of its own as well as of the World's cultural heritage and, at the same time, young generations were left without any alternative to gain or make any knowledge either on the past or on any specific social developments and problems other than those the authorities called for. At the same time all the more important standing, even though with an overdue reaction, was that care should be taken about protection of the middle-class cultural heritage, all but the part of it that was opposing to proclaimed cultural values and the new social and cultural concepts. The other side of the same standing was the approval of writers who had, faced with various compromises adjusted their works in order to comply with the new spirit commensurate to both new reality and actual problems. These were to stay on bookcase shelves. The 20 century social "liberalization" of early sixties made space for both works and writers, which were for the time being disfavored by authorities - M. Kasanin, S. Pandurovic and K. Atanasijevic were among them - to get back to bookcase shelves.

展开