本文摘自JavaGuide。
实现一个栈,要求这个栈具有 push()、pop()(返回栈顶元素并出栈)、peek() (返回栈顶元素不出栈)、isEmpty()、size()这些基本的方法。
提示:每次入栈之前先判断栈的容量是否够用,如果不够用就用Arrays.copyOf()进行扩容;
public class MyStack {
private int[] storage;//存放栈中元素的数组
private int capacity;//栈的容量
private int count;//栈中元素数量
private static final int GROW_FACTOR = 2;
//TODO:不带初始容量的构造方法。默认容量为8
public MyStack() {
this.capacity = 8;
this.storage=new int[8];
this.count = 0;
}
//TODO:带初始容量的构造方法
public MyStack(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity < 1)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Capacity too small.");
this.capacity = initialCapacity;
this.storage = new int[initialCapacity];
this.count = 0;
}
//TODO:入栈
public void push(int value) {
if (count == capacity) {
ensureCapacity();
}
storage[count++] = value;
}
//TODO:确保容量大小
private void ensureCapacity() {
int newCapacity = capacity * GROW_FACTOR;
storage = Arrays.copyOf(storage, newCapacity);
capacity = newCapacity;
}
//TODO:返回栈顶元素并出栈
private int pop() {
if (count == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Stack is empty.");
count--;
return storage[count];
}
//TODO:返回栈顶元素不出栈
private int peek() {
if (count == 0){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Stack is empty.");
}else {
return storage[count-1];
}
}
//TODO:判断栈是否为空
private boolean isEmpty() {
return count == 0;
}
//TODO:返回栈中元素的个数
private int size() {
return count;
}
}
验证
MyStack myStack = new MyStack(3);
myStack.push(1);
myStack.push(2);
myStack.push(3);
myStack.push(4);
myStack.push(5);
myStack.push(6);
myStack.push(7);
myStack.push(8);
System.out.println(myStack.peek());//8
System.out.println(myStack.size());//8
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
System.out.println(myStack.pop());
}
System.out.println(myStack.isEmpty());//true
myStack.pop();//报错:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Stack is empty.
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