while和for的效率c语言,【C语言】while与for执行效率对比

【C语言】while与for执行效率对比

C语言编译环境: Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0(SP6)

测试程序

#include "stdio.h"

void forTest()

{

int num = 1234;// 迭代次数

long sum = 0;// 保存加法结果

for(int i=0;i

{

sum = sum + i;// 计算结果

}

printf("forTest:%d\n",sum);

}

void whileTest()

{

int num = 1234;// 迭代次数

long sum = 0;// 保存加法结果

while((num--)>0)

{

sum = sum + num;// 计算结果

}

printf("whileTest:%d\n",sum);

}

void main()

{

forTest();

whileTest();

}

汇编片段

whileTest()函数汇编后的指令:

--- D:\VC\ForWhile\ForWhile.cpp  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

17: void whileTest()

18: {

0040D760 push ebp

0040D761 mov ebp,esp

0040D763 sub esp,48h

0040D766 push ebx

0040D767 push esi

0040D768 push edi

0040D769 lea edi,[ebp-48h]

0040D76C mov ecx,12h

0040D771 mov eax,0CCCCCCCCh

0040D776 rep stos dword ptr [edi]

19: int num = 1234;

0040D778 mov dword ptr [ebp-4],4D2h

20: long sum = 0;

0040D77F mov dword ptr [ebp-8],0

21:

22: while((num--)>0)

0040D786 mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-4]

0040D789 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-4]

0040D78C sub ecx,1

0040D78F mov dword ptr [ebp-4],ecx

0040D792 test eax,eax

0040D794 jle whileTest+41h (0040d7a1)

23: {

24: sum = sum + num;

0040D796 mov edx,dword ptr [ebp-8]

0040D799 add edx,dword ptr [ebp-4]

0040D79C mov dword ptr [ebp-8],edx

25: }

0040D79F jmp whileTest+26h (0040d786)

26:

27: printf("whileTest:%d\n",sum);

0040D7A1 mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-8]

0040D7A4 push eax

0040D7A5 push offset string "whileTest:%d\n" (00422fac)

0040D7AA call printf (0040d6e0)

0040D7AF add esp,8

28: }

0040D7B2 pop edi

0040D7B3 pop esi

0040D7B4 pop ebx

0040D7B5 add esp,48h

0040D7B8 cmp ebp,esp

0040D7BA call __chkesp (0040d6a0)

0040D7BF mov esp,ebp

0040D7C1 pop ebp

0040D7C2 ret

--- No source file  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

分析:

0040D760~0040D776: 保存栈现场总共10条指令

0040D778: 迭代次数总共1条指令

0040D77F: 保存加法结果总共1条指令

0040D786~0040D79F: while循环总共10条指令

0040D7A1~0040D7AF: 打印结果总共5条指令

0040D7B2~0040D7C2: 恢复栈现场总共9条指令

合计: 36条指令

forTest()函数汇编后的指令:

--- D:\VC\ForWhile\ForWhile.cpp  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4: void forTest()

5: {

0040D3F0 push ebp

0040D3F1 mov ebp,esp

0040D3F3 sub esp,4Ch

0040D3F6 push ebx

0040D3F7 push esi

0040D3F8 push edi

0040D3F9 lea edi,[ebp-4Ch]

0040D3FC mov ecx,13h

0040D401 mov eax,0CCCCCCCCh

0040D406 rep stos dword ptr [edi]

6: int num = 1234;

0040D408 mov dword ptr [ebp-4],4D2h

7: long sum = 0;

0040D40F mov dword ptr [ebp-8],0

8:

9: for(int i=0;i

0040D416 mov dword ptr [ebp-0Ch],0

0040D41D jmp forTest+38h (0040d428)

0040D41F mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]

0040D422 add eax,1

0040D425 mov dword ptr [ebp-0Ch],eax

0040D428 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]

0040D42B cmp ecx,dword ptr [ebp-4]

0040D42E jge forTest+4Bh (0040d43b)

10: {

11: sum = sum + i;

0040D430 mov edx,dword ptr [ebp-8]

0040D433 add edx,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]

0040D436 mov dword ptr [ebp-8],edx

12: }

0040D439 jmp forTest+2Fh (0040d41f)

13:

14: printf("forTest:%d\n",sum);

0040D43B mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-8]

0040D43E push eax

0040D43F push offset string "forTest:%l\n" (00422e80)

0040D444 call printf (0040d6e0)

0040D449 add esp,8

15: }

0040D44C pop edi

0040D44D pop esi

0040D44E pop ebx

0040D44F add esp,4Ch

0040D452 cmp ebp,esp

0040D454 call __chkesp (0040d6a0)

0040D459 mov esp,ebp

0040D45B pop ebp

0040D45C ret

--- No source file  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

分析:

0040D3F0~0040D406: 保存栈现场总共10条指令

0040D408: 迭代次数总共1条指令

0040D40F: 保存加法结果总共1条指令

0040D416~0040D439: for循环总共12条指令

0040D43B~0040D449: 打印结果总共5条指令

0040D44C~0040D45C: 恢复栈现场总共9条指令

合计: 38条指令

程序中二个方法语句区别在于一个是for循环,一个是while循环.

对应于,查看到上述二段汇编指令段while循环比for循环少了二条指令.

程序中for循环用的是传统写法,做下更改将for(int i=0;i0;),其汇编指令为:

--- D:\VC\ForWhile\ForWhile.cpp  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4: void forTest()

5: {

0040D3F0 push ebp

0040D3F1 mov ebp,esp

0040D3F3 sub esp,48h

0040D3F6 push ebx

0040D3F7 push esi

0040D3F8 push edi

0040D3F9 lea edi,[ebp-48h]

0040D3FC mov ecx,12h

0040D401 mov eax,0CCCCCCCCh

0040D406 rep stos dword ptr [edi]

6: int num = 1234;

0040D408 mov dword ptr [ebp-4],4D2h

7: long sum = 0;

0040D40F mov dword ptr [ebp-8],0

8:

9: for(;(num--)>0;)

0040D416 mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-4]

0040D419 mov ecx,dword ptr [ebp-4]

0040D41C sub ecx,1

0040D41F mov dword ptr [ebp-4],ecx

0040D422 test eax,eax

0040D424 jle forTest+41h (0040d431)

10: {

11: sum = sum + num;

0040D426 mov edx,dword ptr [ebp-8]

0040D429 add edx,dword ptr [ebp-4]

0040D42C mov dword ptr [ebp-8],edx

12: }

0040D42F jmp forTest+26h (0040d416)

13:

14: printf("forTest:%d\n",sum);

0040D431 mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-8]

0040D434 push eax

0040D435 push offset string "forTest:%l\n" (00422e80)

0040D43A call printf (0040d6e0)

0040D43F add esp,8

15: }

0040D442 pop edi

0040D443 pop esi

0040D444 pop ebx

0040D445 add esp,48h

0040D448 cmp ebp,esp

0040D44A call __chkesp (0040d6a0)

0040D44F mov esp,ebp

0040D451 pop ebp

0040D452 ret

--- No source file  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0040D3F0~0040D406: 保存栈现场总共10条指令

0040D408: 迭代次数总共1条指令

0040D40F: 保存加法结果总共1条指令

0040D416~0040D42F: for循环总共10条指令

0040D431~0040D43F: 打印结果总共5条指令

0040D442~0040D452: 恢复栈现场总共9条指令

合计: 36条指令

由此可见,for循环习惯写法for(int i=0;i0;)写法,而for(;(num--)>0;)写法执行效率与while((num--)>0)相同.

因此,一棒子打死说for循环执行效率比while循环慢是不对的.

【Java语言】while与for执行效率对比: 经查看class文件反编译指令发现,Java中执行for循环与执行while循环所需的指令数是一样的,二者执行效率相同.