使用 RestTemplate 发送http请求的正确姿势原来是这样的！

闵科夫斯基

于 2024-09-02 02:15:07 发布

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文章标签： http 网络协议网络

本文要介绍的这个工具类，是基于RestTemplate做了一层代码封装!!非常好用哦！

第一步添加httpclient依赖包

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.6</version>
</dependency>

然后创建一个配置，初始化RestTemplate

@Configuration
public class HttpConfiguration {

    /**
     * 初始化RestTemplate
     * @return
     */
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(RestTemplate.class)
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(getClientHttpRequestFactory());
        return restTemplate;
    }

    /**
     * 使用HttpClient作为底层客户端
     * @return
     */
    private ClientHttpRequestFactory getClientHttpRequestFactory() {
        int timeout = 5000;
        RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(timeout)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeout)
                .setSocketTimeout(timeout)
                .build();
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder
                .create()
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(config)
                .build();
        return new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(client);
    }
}

接着创建一个HttpTemplate类，交给Spring管理

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.client.RequestCallback;
import org.springframework.web.client.ResponseExtractor;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;

@Component
public class HttpTemplate {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpTemplate.class);


    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    /**
     * get请求，返回响应实体（响应业务对象不支持范型）
     * 支持restful风格
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T get(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity<>(createHeaders(headers)), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }


    /**
     * get请求，返回响应实体（响应业务对象支持范型）
     * 支持restful风格
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T get(String url, Map<String, String> headers, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity<>(createHeaders(headers)), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }

    /**
     * post请求，form表单提交（响应业务对象不支持范型）
     * 支持restful风格
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param paramMap
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T postByFrom(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, Object> paramMap, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        //指定请求头为表单类型
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHeaders(headers);
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity<>(createBody(paramMap), httpHeaders), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }

    /**
     * post请求，form表单提交（响应业务对象支持范型）
     * 支持restful风格
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param paramMap
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T postByFrom(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Map<String, Object> paramMap, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        //指定请求头为表单类型
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHeaders(headers);
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity<>(createBody(paramMap), httpHeaders), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }


    /**
     * post请求，json提交（响应业务对象不支持范型）
     * 支持restful风格
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param request
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T postByJson(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        //指定请求头为json类型
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHeaders(headers);
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity<>(request, httpHeaders), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }

    /**
     * post请求，json提交（响应业务对象支持范型）
     * 支持restful风格
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param request
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T postByJson(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Object request, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        //指定请求头为json类型
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHeaders(headers);
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity<>(request, httpHeaders), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }

    /**
     * post请求，json提交，重定项
     * 支持restful风格
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param request
     * @param uriVariables
     * @return
     */
    public String postForLocation(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Object request, Object... uriVariables){
        //指定请求头为json类型
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHeaders(headers);
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
        URI uri = restTemplate.postForLocation(url, new HttpEntity<>(request, httpHeaders), uriVariables);
        if(Objects.nonNull(uri)){
            return uri.toString();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * put请求，json提交（响应业务对象不支持范型）
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param request
     * @param uriVariables
     */
    public <T> T put(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        //指定请求头为json类型
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHeaders(headers);
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.PUT, new HttpEntity<>(request, httpHeaders), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }

    /**
     * put请求，json提交（响应业务对象支持范型）
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param request
     * @param uriVariables
     */
    public <T> T put(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Object request, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        //指定请求头为json类型
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHeaders(headers);
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.PUT, new HttpEntity<>(request, httpHeaders), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }


    /**
     * delete请求（响应业务对象不支持范型）
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param uriVariables
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T delete(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.DELETE, new HttpEntity<>(createHeaders(headers)), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }

    /**
     * delete请求（响应业务对象支持范型）
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param uriVariables
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T delete(String url, Map<String, String> headers, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.DELETE, new HttpEntity<>(createHeaders(headers)), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }


    /**
     * post请求，文件表单上传提交（响应业务对象不支持范型）
     * 支持restful风格
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param paramMap
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T uploadFile(String url, Map<String, String> headers, MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        //指定请求头为文件&表单类型
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHeaders(headers);
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity<>(paramMap, httpHeaders), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }


    /**
     * post请求，文件表单上传提交（响应业务对象支持范型）
     * 支持restful风格
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param paramMap
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> T uploadFile(String url, Map<String, String> headers, MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        //指定请求头为文件&表单类型
        HttpHeaders httpHeaders = createHeaders(headers);
        httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
        ResponseEntity<T> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity<>(paramMap, httpHeaders), responseType, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }


    /**
     * 下载文件
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param uriVariables
     * @return
     */
    public byte[] downloadFile(String url, Map<String, String> headers, Object... uriVariables){
        ResponseEntity<byte[]> rsp = commonExchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity<>(createHeaders(headers)), byte[].class, uriVariables);
        return buildResponse(rsp);
    }


    /**
     * 下载大文件
     * @param url
     * @param headers
     * @param responseExtractor
     * @param uriVariables
     */
    public void downloadBigFile(String url, Map<String, String> headers, ResponseExtractor responseExtractor, Object... uriVariables){
        RequestCallback requestCallback = request -> {
            //指定请求头信息
            request.getHeaders().addAll(createHeaders(headers));
            //定义请求头的接收类型
            request.getHeaders().setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, MediaType.ALL));
        };
        restTemplate.execute(url, HttpMethod.GET, requestCallback,responseExtractor, uriVariables);
    }


    /**
     * 公共http请求方法（响应业务对象不支持范型）
     * @param url
     * @param method
     * @param requestEntity
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> ResponseEntity<T> commonExchange(String url, HttpMethod method, HttpEntity<?> requestEntity, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        return restTemplate.exchange(url, method, requestEntity, responseType, uriVariables);
    }


    /**
     * 公共http请求方法（响应业务对象支持范型）
     * @param url
     * @param method
     * @param requestEntity
     * @param responseType
     * @param uriVariables
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public <T> ResponseEntity<T> commonExchange(String url, HttpMethod method, HttpEntity<?> requestEntity, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){
        return restTemplate.exchange(url, method, requestEntity, responseType, uriVariables);
    }



    /**
     * 封装头部参数
     * @param headers
     * @return
     */
    private HttpHeaders createHeaders(Map<String, String> headers){
        return new HttpHeaders(){{
            if(headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()){
                headers.entrySet().forEach(item -> {
                    set(item.getKey(), item.getValue());
                });
            }
        }};
    }


    /**
     * 封装请求体
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     */
    private MultiValueMap<String, Object> createBody(Map<String, Object> paramMap){
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> valueMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        if(paramMap != null && !paramMap.isEmpty()){
            paramMap.entrySet().forEach(item -> {
                valueMap.add(item.getKey(), item.getValue());
            });
        }
        return valueMap;
    }

    /**
     * 返回响应对象
     * @param rsp
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    private <T> T buildResponse(ResponseEntity<T> rsp){
        if(!rsp.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()){
            throw new RuntimeException(rsp.getStatusCode().getReasonPhrase());
        }
        return rsp.getBody();
    }
}

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当遇到返回的对象是范型类型的时候，我们可以这样操作！

以下面这个/testPostByJsonObj接口为例！

/**
 * 模拟JSON请求，post方法测试
 * @param request
 * @return
 */
@RequestMapping(value = "testPostByJsonObj", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseBeanObj<ResponseBean> testPostByJsonObj(@RequestBody RequestBean requestBean,
                                              HttpServletRequest request){
    HttpServletRequestLog.systemLog(request);
    //范型测试
    ResponseBean responseBean = new ResponseBean();
    responseBean.setCode("200000");
    responseBean.setMsg("responseBean");

    //范型测试
    ResponseBeanObj<ResponseBean> result = new ResponseBeanObj<>();
    result.setCode("200");
    result.setMsg("请求成功，方法：testPostByJsonObj，请求参数：" + JSON.toJSONString(requestBean));
    result.setObj(responseBean);
    System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(result));
    return result;
}

使用RestTemplate工具发起网络请求，代码如下！

//将返回的范型对象包装到ParameterizedTypeReference对象里面
ParameterizedTypeReference<ResponseBeanObj<ResponseBean>> typeRef = new ParameterizedTypeReference<ResponseBeanObj<ResponseBean>>() {};

//使用restTemplate发起网络请求
ResponseBeanObj<ResponseBean> responseBean = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, typeRef);

采用restTemplate.exchange()方法，即可实现返回对象范型类型的反序列化！

如果使用上面封装的HttpTemplate工具进行操作，也更简单，代码如下：

/**
 * 模拟JSON提交，post请求，范型返回对象测试
 */
@Test
public void testPostByJsonObj(){
    //请求地址
    String url = "http://localhost:8080/testPostByJsonObj";

    //入参
    RequestBean request = new RequestBean();
    request.setUserName("唐三藏");
    request.setUserPwd("123456789");

    //发送post请求
    ParameterizedTypeReference<ResponseBeanObj<ResponseBean>> typeRef = new ParameterizedTypeReference<ResponseBeanObj<ResponseBean>>() {};
    //范型测试
    ResponseBeanObj<ResponseBean> responseBean = httpTemplate.postByJson(url, createHeader("testPostByJsonObj"), request, typeRef);
    System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(responseBean));
}

在某些场景下，当你使用restTemplate发起网络请求时，所有的请求头部需要带上统一的参数，例如Authorization鉴权码，what can I do？

那我们可以在RestTemplate初始化之后，添加一个拦截器，然后在拦截器的请求头部统一注入鉴权码，就可以轻松实现全局加入某个参数，方式如下！

/**
 * 初始化RestTemplate
 * @return
 */
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(getClientHttpRequestFactory());
    // 添加一个拦截器，在请求头部添加 Authorization 鉴权码
    restTemplate.getInterceptors().add((request, body, execution) -> {
        request.getHeaders().add("Authorization", "xxxxxXXXXX");
        return execution.execute(request, body);
    });
    return restTemplate;
}

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原创作者: u_16502039 转载于: https://blog.51cto.com/u_16502039/11890454

闵科夫斯基

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使用 RestTemplate 发送http请求的正确姿势原来是这样的！

本文要介绍的这个工具类，是基于RestTemplate做了一层代码封装!!非常好用哦！第一步添加httpclient依赖包登录后复制 <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifa...
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