java循环遍历文件_循环遍历Bash中的文件内容

假设你有这个文件：

$ cat /tmp/test.txt

Line 1

Line 2 has leading space

Line 3 followed by blank line

Line 5 (follows a blank line) and has trailing space

Line 6 has no ending CR

有四个元素会改变许多Bash解决方案读取的文件输出的含义：

空行4;

两行上的前导或尾随空格;

维护各行的含义(即每行是一条记录);

第6行未以CR终止 .

如果希望逐行包含文本文件(包括空行和没有CR的终止行)，则必须使用while循环，并且必须对最后一行进行备用测试 .

以下是可能更改文件的方法(与 cat 返回的内容相比)：

1)丢失最后一行以及前导和尾随空格：

$ while read -r p; do printf "%s\n" "'$p'"; done

'Line 1'

'Line 2 has leading space'

'Line 3 followed by blank line'

''

'Line 5 (follows a blank line) and has trailing space'

(如果改为 while IFS= read -r p; do printf "%s\n" "'$p'"; done

2)使用 cat 进程替换将一次读取整个文件并且失去了各行的含义：

$ for p in "$(cat /tmp/test.txt)"; do printf "%s\n" "'$p'"; done

'Line 1

Line 2 has leading space

Line 3 followed by blank line

Line 5 (follows a blank line) and has trailing space

Line 6 has no ending CR'

(如果从 $(cat /tmp/test.txt) 中删除 " ，则逐字而不是一次读取文件 . 也可能不是预期的...)

逐行读取文件并保留所有间距的最强大和最简单的方法是：

$ while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n $line ]]; do printf "'%s'\n" "$line"; done

'Line 1'

' Line 2 has leading space'

'Line 3 followed by blank line'

''

'Line 5 (follows a blank line) and has trailing space '

'Line 6 has no ending CR'

如果您想剥离领先和交易空间，请删除 IFS= 部分：

$ while read -r line || [[ -n $line ]]; do printf "'%s'\n" "$line"; done

'Line 1'

'Line 2 has leading space'

'Line 3 followed by blank line'

''

'Line 5 (follows a blank line) and has trailing space'

'Line 6 has no ending CR'

(没有终止 \n 的文本文件虽然相当常见，但在POSIX下被视为已损坏 . 如果您可以指望尾随 \n ，则 while 循环中不需要 || [[ -n $line ]] . )