servlet工作原理_Spring MVC的工作原理，我们来看看其源码实现-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_29201313/article/details/113317200

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/youzhibing/p/10695012.html

作者：youzhibing2904

遗留问题

在关于利用maven搭建ssm的博客，我们一起来探讨下问的最多的问题中，我遗留了一个问题：Spring mvc是何时、何地、如何将Model中的属性绑定到哪个作用域，这里的作用域指的是Servlet的四大作用域；不了解问题背景的可以回过头去看看我的上篇博文。

明确的解答我会放到最后，在解答问题之前，我先和大家一起来捋一捋Spring mvc的工作原理。废话不多说，开始我们神秘的探险之旅！

应用示例

在讲工作原理之前，我们先看一个简单的spring mvc(ssm)示例，以及实现的效果

工程代码地址：ssm-web　

工程结构与效果如上所示，我们不做过多的探究，我们打起精神往下看本篇的重点

工作原理

准备 - 资源的加载与初始化

1、DispatcherServlet 静态初始化

DispatcherServlet中有如下静态块

static { // Load default strategy implementations from properties file. // This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized // by application developers. try { ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class); defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage()); } }

这里会将DispatcherServlet.properties中的内容读取到DispatcherServlet的属性：private static final Properties defaultStrategies中，DispatcherServlet.properties内容如下

# Default implementation classes for DispatcherServlet's strategy interfaces.# Used as fallback when no matching beans are found in the DispatcherServlet context.# Not meant to be customized by application developers.org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.AcceptHeaderLocaleResolverorg.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.FixedThemeResolverorg.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping, org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMappingorg.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter, org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter, org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapterorg.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver, org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver, org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolverorg.springframework.web.servlet.RequestToViewNameTranslator=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslatororg.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolverorg.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager=org.springframework.web.servlet.support.SessionFlashMapManager

指定了DispatcherServlet策略接口的默认实现，后续DispatcherServlet初始化策略的时候会用到

2、interceptor定义的加载

spring启动过程中会调用InterceptorsBeanDefinitionParser的parse方法来解析出我们自定义的interceptor定义，封装成MappedInterceptor类型的bean定义，并放到spring容器中；我们可以简单的认为spring容器中已经存在了我们自定义的interceptor的bean定义

3、DispatcherServlet初始化策略：initStrategies

DispatcherServlet的继承图如下

DispatcherServlet是一个Servlet，tomcat启动过程中会调用其init方法，一串的调用后，会调用DispatcherServlet的initStrategies方法

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {

initMultipartResolver(context);

initLocaleResolver(context);

initThemeResolver(context);

initHandlerMappings(context);

initHandlerAdapters(context);

initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);

initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);

initViewResolvers(context);

initFlashMapManager(context);

}

实例化步骤1中的默认实现，并填充到DispatcherServlet各个属性值中

4、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的拦截器初始化

DispatcherServlet.properties种指定了两个默认的HandlerMapping：BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping，这两者的类继承图如下(我们暂时只关注DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping)

DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping间接实现了ApplicationContextAware，那么在DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping实例初始化过程中，会调用setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)方法，一串调用后，会来到AbstractUrlHandlerMapping的initApplicationContext()

@Overrideprotected void initApplicationContext() throws BeansException { extendInterceptors(this.interceptors); detectMappedInterceptors(this.mappedInterceptors); initInterceptors();}

初始化了DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的拦截器：interceptor

我们来看下具体的初始化过程，看看上面的顺序是否只是我个人的臆想？

可以看到，初始化顺序就是我们上面说的，不是我个人的意淫；此时的DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping中有我们自定义的MyInterceptor。初始化过程我们需要关注的就是上述这些，下面我们一起看看具体请求的过程

请求的处理

请求从servlet的service开始，一路到DispatcherServlet的doDispatch，如下图

/** * Process the actual dispatching to the handler. 将请求分发到具体的handler，也就是我们的controller *

The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order. * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters * to find the first that supports the handler class. *

All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable. * @param request current HTTP request * @param response current HTTP response * @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure */protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request; HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null; boolean multipartRequestParsed = false; WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); try { ModelAndView mv = null; Exception dispatchException = null; try { processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); multipartRequestParsed = processedRequest != request; // Determine handler for the current request. 决定哪个handler来处理当前的请求 // mappedHandler是由handler和interceptor集合组成的一个执行链，有点类似FilterChain mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest); if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) { noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // Determine handler adapter for the current request. 决定哪个adapter来处理当前的请求 // handlerMapping是找出适配的handler，而真正回调handler的是adapter HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler. String method = request.getMethod(); boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method); if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) { long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { String requestUri = urlPathHelper.getRequestUri(request); logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + requestUri + "] is: " + lastModified); } if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) { return; } } // handler的前置处理，也就是调用适配当前url的interceptor的preHandler方法 if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } try { // Actually invoke the handler. 真正调用handler mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } } applyDefaultViewName(request, mv); // handler的后置处理，也就是调用适配当前url的interceptor的postHandler方法 mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); } catch (Exception ex) { dispatchException = ex; } // 处理handler返回的结果，会调用适配当前url的interceptor的afterCompletion方法 // 这里会将响应结果返回给请求者 processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); } catch (Exception ex) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex); } catch (Error err) { triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err); } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response); return; } // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request. if (multipartRequestParsed) { cleanupMultipart(processedRequest); } }}

handlerMapping具体如何找到匹配当前url的handler(一般而言就是我们的controller)、handlerAdapter具体如何回调真正的handler，有兴趣的可以自行去跟下，我就不跟了。我们具体看下processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); 这个与我们最初的疑问有关

processDispatchResult

可以看到model中的persons会被设置到request的attributes中，然后转发请求到show_person.jsp，转发过程中request作用域的变量仍然有效，所以show_person.jsp中的jstl标签和el表达式能够取到persons变量，最后将show_person.jsp中的内容填充好之后的静态内容返回给请求者；至此就完成了一次请求的响应

问题解答

回到我们开篇的疑问：Spring mvc是何时、何地、如何将Model中的属性绑定到哪个作用域？想必大家已经知道答案了

Controller中的model、ModelMap的注入由spring mvc完成，这个不是请求传入的参数，用于绑定变量到Servlet作用域；默认情况下，在DispatcherServlet调用了真正的handler之后，将结果返回给请求者的过程中，将model、modelMap中的变量设置到了request的attributes中，转发的过程中，request中的变量仍然有效，所以show_person.jsp中能取到persons这个变量，自此疑问得到解答