在java的多线程开发中Runnable一直以来都是多线程的核心,而Callable是java1.5添加进来的一个增强版本。
本文我们会详细探讨Runnable和Callable的区别。
运行机制
首先看下Runnable和Callable的接口定义:
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
/*** When an object implementing interface Runnable
is used* to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object's* run
method to be called in that separately executing* thread.*
* The general contract of the method run
is that it may* take any action whatsoever.** @see java.lang.Thread#run()*/
public abstract void run();
}
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Callable {
/*** Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.** @return computed result* @throws Exception if unable to compute a result*/
V call() throws Exception;
}
Runnable需要实现run()方法,Callable需要实现call()方法。
我们都知道要自定义一个Thread有两种方法,一是继承Thread,而是实现Runnable接口,这是因为Thread本身就是一个Runnable的实现:
class Thread implements Runnable {
/* Make sure registerNatives is the first thing does. */
private static native void registerNatives();
static {
registerNatives();
}
...
所以Runnable可以通过Runnable和之前我们介绍的ExecutorService 来执行,而Callable则只能通过ExecutorService 来执行。
返回值的不同
根据上面两个接口的定义,Runnable是不返还值的,而Callable可以返回值。
如果我们都通过ExecutorService来提交,看看有什么不同:使用runnable
public void executeTask() {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future future = executorService.submit(()->log.info("in runnable!!!!"));
executorService.shutdown();
}使用callable
public void executeTask() {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future future = executorService.submit(()->{
log.info("in callable!!!!");
return "callable";
});
executorService.shutdown();
}
虽然我们都返回了Future,但是runnable的情况下Future将不包含任何值。
Exception处理
Runnable的run()方法定义没有抛出任何异常,所以任何的Checked Exception都需要在run()实现方法中自行处理。
Callable的Call()方法抛出了throws Exception,所以可以在call()方法的外部,捕捉到Checked Exception。我们看下Callable中异常的处理。
public void executeTaskWithException(){
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future future = executorService.submit(()->{
log.info("in callable!!!!");
throw new CustomerException("a customer Exception");
});
try {
Object object= future.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
e.getCause();
}
executorService.shutdown();
}
上面的例子中,我们在Callable中抛出了一个自定义的CustomerException。
这个异常会被包含在返回的Future中。当我们调用future.get()方法时,就会抛出ExecutionException,通过e.getCause(),就可以获取到包含在里面的具体异常信息。