python内置函数dir_Python内置函数dir详解

1.命令介绍

最近学习并使用了一个python的内置函数dir，首先help一下：

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> help(dir)

Help on built-in function dir in module __builtin__:

dir()

dir([object]) -> list of strings

Return an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the attributes

of the given object, and of attributes reachable from it:

No argument:  the names in the current scope.

Module object:  the module attributes.

Type or class object:  its attributes, and recursively the attributes of

its bases.

Otherwise:  its attributes, its class’s attributes, and recursively the

attributes of its class’s base classes.

通过help，可以简单的认为dir列出指定对象或类的属性。

2.实例下面是一个简单的测试：

复制代码 代码如下:

class A:

def a(self):

pass

class A1(A):

def a1(self):

pass

if __name__ == ‘__main__’:

print(“dir without arguments:”, dir())

print(“dir class A:”, dir(A))

print(“dir class A1:”, dir(A1))

a = A1()

print(“dir object a(A1):”, dir(a))

print(“dir function a.a:”, dir(a.a))

测试结果：

复制代码 代码如下:

dir without arguments: [‘A’, ‘A1’, ‘__builtins__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__file__’, ‘__name__’, ‘__package__’]dir class A: [‘__class__’, ‘__delattr__’, ‘__dict__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__eq__’, ‘__format__’, ‘__ge__’, ‘__getattribute__’, ‘__gt__’, ‘__hash__’, ‘__init__’, ‘__le__’, ‘__lt__’, ‘__module__’, ‘__ne__’, ‘__new__’, ‘__reduce__’, ‘__reduce_ex__’, ‘__repr__’, ‘__setattr__’, ‘__sizeof__’, ‘__str__’, ‘__subclasshook__’, ‘__weakref__’, ‘a’]dir class A1: [‘__class__’, ‘__delattr__’, ‘__dict__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__eq__’, ‘__format__’, ‘__ge__’, ‘__getattribute__’, ‘__gt__’, ‘__hash__’, ‘__init__’, ‘__le__’, ‘__lt__’, ‘__module__’, ‘__ne__’, ‘__new__’, ‘__reduce__’, ‘__reduce_ex__’, ‘__repr__’, ‘__setattr__’, ‘__sizeof__’, ‘__str__’, ‘__subclasshook__’, ‘__weakref__’, ‘a’, ‘a1’]dir object a(A1): [‘__class__’, ‘__delattr__’, ‘__dict__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__eq__’, ‘__format__’, ‘__ge__’, ‘__getattribute__’, ‘__gt__’, ‘__hash__’, ‘__init__’, ‘__le__’, ‘__lt__’, ‘__module__’, ‘__ne__’, ‘__new__’, ‘__reduce__’, ‘__reduce_ex__’, ‘__repr__’, ‘__setattr__’, ‘__sizeof__’, ‘__str__’, ‘__subclasshook__’, ‘__weakref__’, ‘a’, ‘a1’]dir function a.a: [‘__call__’, ‘__class__’, ‘__delattr__’, ‘__doc__’, ‘__eq__’, ‘__format__’, ‘__func__’, ‘__ge__’, ‘__get__’, ‘__getattribute__’, ‘__gt__’, ‘__hash__’, ‘__init__’, ‘__le__’, ‘__lt__’, ‘__ne__’, ‘__new__’, ‘__reduce__’, ‘__reduce_ex__’, ‘__repr__’, ‘__self__’, ‘__setattr__’, ‘__sizeof__’, ‘__str__’, ‘__subclasshook__’]