sql - 如何在Oracle上使用AUTO_INCREMENT创建id?
似乎在Oracle中没有AUTO_INCREMENT的概念,直到包括版本11g。
如何在Oracle 11g中创建一个行为类似自动增量的列?
16个解决方案
482 votes
从Oracle 11g开始,Oracle中没有“auto_increment”或“identity”列。 但是,您可以使用序列和触发器轻松地对其进行建模:
表定义:
CREATE TABLE departments (
ID NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE departments ADD (
CONSTRAINT dept_pk PRIMARY KEY (ID));
CREATE SEQUENCE dept_seq START WITH 1;
触发定义:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER dept_bir
BEFORE INSERT ON departments
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT dept_seq.NEXTVAL
INTO :new.id
FROM dual;
END;
/
更新:
2164038927536489472列现在可用于Oracle 12c:
create table t1 (
c1 NUMBER GENERATED by default on null as IDENTITY,
c2 VARCHAR2(10)
);
或指定起始值和增量值,同时防止任何插入标识列(GENERATED ALWAYS)(同样,仅限Oracle 12c +)
create table t1 (
c1 NUMBER GENERATED ALWAYS as IDENTITY(START with 1 INCREMENT by 1),
c2 VARCHAR2(10)
);
或者,Oracle 12还允许使用序列作为默认值:
CREATE SEQUENCE dept_seq START WITH 1;
CREATE TABLE departments (
ID NUMBER(10) DEFAULT dept_seq.nextval NOT NULL,
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE departments ADD (
CONSTRAINT dept_pk PRIMARY KEY (ID));
Eugenio Cuevas answered 2019-01-10T23:28:50Z
79 votes
SYS_GUID返回GUID--全局唯一ID。 SYS_GUID是RAW(16).它不生成递增的数值。
如果要创建递增数字键,则需要创建序列。
CREATE SEQUENCE name_of_sequence
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
CACHE 100;
然后,您可以在SYS_GUID语句中使用该序列
INSERT INTO name_of_table( primary_key_column, <> )
VALUES( name_of_sequence.nextval, <> );
或者,您可以定义一个触发器,使用序列自动填充主键值
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trigger_name
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT name_of_sequence.nextval
INTO :new.primary_key_column
FROM dual;
END;
如果您使用的是Oracle 11.1或更高版本,则可以稍微简化触发器
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trigger_name
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
:new.primary_key_column := name_of_sequence.nextval;
END;
如果你真的想用SYS_GUID
CREATE TABLE table_name (
primary_key_column raw(16) default sys_guid() primary key,
<>
)
Justin Cave answered 2019-01-10T23:29:43Z
40 votes
在Oracle 12c中你可以做类似的事情,
CREATE TABLE MAPS
(
MAP_ID INTEGER GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1) NOT NULL,
MAP_NAME VARCHAR(24) NOT NULL,
UNIQUE (MAP_ID, MAP_NAME)
);
在Oracle(Pre 12c)中。
-- create table
CREATE TABLE MAPS
(
MAP_ID INTEGER NOT NULL ,
MAP_NAME VARCHAR(24) NOT NULL,
UNIQUE (MAP_ID, MAP_NAME)
);
-- create sequence
CREATE SEQUENCE MAPS_SEQ;
-- create tigger using the sequence
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER MAPS_TRG
BEFORE INSERT ON MAPS
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (new.MAP_ID IS NULL)
BEGIN
SELECT MAPS_SEQ.NEXTVAL
INTO :new.MAP_ID
FROM dual;
END;
/
Nisar answered 2019-01-10T23:30:11Z
31 votes
这有三种口味:
数字。 简单地增加数值,例如1,2,3,...
GUID。 全局univeral标识符,作为x数据类型。
GUID(字符串)。 与上面相同,但作为一个字符串,在某些语言中可能更容易处理。
x是标识列。 在每个示例中用您的表名替换FOO。
-- numerical identity, e.g. 1,2,3...
create table FOO (
x number primary key
);
create sequence FOO_seq;
create or replace trigger FOO_trg
before insert on FOO
for each row
begin
select FOO_seq.nextval into :new.x from dual;
end;
/
-- GUID identity, e.g. 7CFF0C304187716EE040488AA1F9749A
-- use the commented out lines if you prefer RAW over VARCHAR2.
create table FOO (
x varchar(32) primary key -- string version
-- x raw(32) primary key -- raw version
);
create or replace trigger FOO_trg
before insert on FOO
for each row
begin
select cast(sys_guid() as varchar2(32)) into :new.x from dual; -- string version
-- select sys_guid() into :new.x from dual; -- raw version
end;
/
更新:
Oracle 12c引入了这两种不依赖于触发器的变体:
create table mytable(id number default mysequence.nextval);
create table mytable(id number generated as identity);
第一个使用传统方式的序列; 第二个在内部管理价值。
Mark Harrison answered 2019-01-10T23:31:17Z
7 votes
假设您的意思是像SQL Server标识列一样的列?
在Oracle中,您使用SEQUENCE来实现相同的功能。 我会看看我是否能找到一个好的链接并在此发布。
更新:看起来你自己找到了它。 无论如何这是链接:[http://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/sequences.php]
Phil Sandler answered 2019-01-10T23:31:51Z
7 votes
Oracle Database 12c引入了Identity,这是一个自动增量(系统生成)列。在以前的数据库版本中(直到11g),您通常通过创建序列和触发器来实现Identity。从12c开始,您可以创建自己的表并定义必须作为标识生成的列。
以下文章解释了如何使用它:
标识列 - Oracle Database 12c中的新条目
Corrado Piola answered 2019-01-10T23:32:27Z
5 votes
当您想要任何人都可以轻松阅读/记忆/理解的序列号时,可以使用emp_id和Sequence。 但是如果你不想通过这种方式管理ID列(比如emp_id),并且这个列的值不是很大,你可以在Table Creation中使用SYS_GUID()来获得这样的自动增量。
CREATE TABLE
(emp_id RAW(16) DEFAULT SYS_GUID() PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(30));
现在,您的emp_id列将接受“全局唯一标识符值”。你可以通过忽略这样的emp_id列在表中插入值。
INSERT INTO (name) VALUES ('name value');
因此,它将为您的emp_id列插入唯一值。
N J answered 2019-01-10T23:33:02Z
5 votes
从Oracle 12c开始,可以通过以下两种方式之一支持Identity列:
序列+表 - 在此解决方案中,您仍然可以像往常一样创建序列,然后使用以下DDL:
CREATE TABLE MyTable(ID号码默认MyTable_Seq.NEXTVAL,...)
仅表 - 在此解决方案中,未明确指定序列。 您将使用以下DDL:
CREATE TABLE MyTable(生成的ID号为身份,......)
如果您使用第一种方式,它向后兼容现有的做事方式。 第二个是更直接的,并且与其他RDMS系统更加一致。
Nate Zaugg answered 2019-01-10T23:33:58Z
3 votes
它被称为Identity Columns,它只能从oracle Oracle 12c获得
CREATE TABLE identity_test_tab
(
id NUMBER GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
description VARCHAR2 (30)
);
插入Identity Columns的示例如下
INSERT INTO identity_test_tab (description) VALUES ('Just DESCRIPTION');
已创建1行。
你不能像下面这样插入
INSERT INTO identity_test_tab (id, description) VALUES (NULL, 'ID=NULL and DESCRIPTION');
第1行的错误:ORA-32795:无法插入生成的始终 身份栏
INSERT INTO identity_test_tab (id, description) VALUES (999, 'ID=999 and DESCRIPTION');
第1行的错误:ORA-32795:无法插入生成的始终 身份栏
有用的链接
sam answered 2019-01-10T23:34:52Z
1 votes
这是完整的解决方案w.r.t异常/错误处理自动增量,这个解决方案是向后兼容的,将适用于11g&amp; 12c,特别是如果应用程序正在生产中。
请使用适当的表名替换“TABLE_NAME”
--checking if table already exisits
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE TABLE_NAME';
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL;
END;
/
--creating table
CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME (
ID NUMBER(10) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
.
.
.
);
--checking if sequence already exists
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP SEQUENCE TABLE_NAME_SEQ';
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL;
END;
--creating sequence
/
CREATE SEQUENCE TABLE_NAME_SEQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 MINVALUE 1 NOMAXVALUE NOCYCLE CACHE 2;
--granting rights as per required user group
/
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON TABLE_NAME TO USER_GROUP;
-- creating trigger
/
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TABLE_NAME_TS BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON TABLE_NAME FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
-- auto increment column
SELECT TABLE_NAME_SEQ.NextVal INTO :New.ID FROM dual;
-- You can also put some other required default data as per need of your columns, for example
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'SESSIONID') INTO :New.SessionID FROM dual;
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SERVER_HOST') INTO :New.HostName FROM dual;
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','OS_USER') INTO :New.LoginID FROM dual;
.
.
.
END;
/
emkays answered 2019-01-10T23:35:21Z
0 votes
这是我在现有表和列(命名id)上执行此操作的方式:
UPDATE table SET id=ROWNUM;
DECLARE
maxval NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(id) INTO maxval FROM table;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP SEQUENCE table_seq';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE SEQUENCE table_seq START WITH '|| TO_CHAR(TO_NUMBER(maxval)+1) ||' INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE';
END;
CREATE TRIGGER table_trigger
BEFORE INSERT ON table
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
:new.id := table_seq.NEXTVAL;
END;
ether6 answered 2019-01-10T23:35:42Z
0 votes
FUNCTION GETUNIQUEID_2 RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
v_curr_id NUMBER;
v_inc NUMBER;
v_next_val NUMBER;
pragma autonomous_transaction;
begin
CREATE SEQUENCE sequnce
START WITH YYMMDD0000000001
INCREMENT BY 1
NOCACHE
select sequence.nextval into v_curr_id from dual;
if(substr(v_curr_id,0,6)= to_char(sysdate,'yymmdd')) then
v_next_val := to_number(to_char(SYSDATE+1, 'yymmdd') || '0000000000');
v_inc := v_next_val - v_curr_id;
execute immediate ' alter sequence sequence increment by ' || v_inc ;
select sequence.nextval into v_curr_id from dual;
execute immediate ' alter sequence sequence increment by 1';
else
dbms_output.put_line('exception : file not found');
end if;
RETURN 'ID'||v_curr_id;
END;
kumar venkatesan answered 2019-01-10T23:35:58Z
0 votes
FUNCTION UNIQUE2(
seq IN NUMBER
) RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
i NUMBER := seq;
s VARCHAR2(9);
r NUMBER(2,0);
BEGIN
WHILE i > 0 LOOP
r := MOD( i, 36 );
i := ( i - r ) / 36;
IF ( r < 10 ) THEN
s := TO_CHAR(r) || s;
ELSE
s := CHR( 55 + r ) || s;
END IF;
END LOOP;
RETURN 'ID'||LPAD( s, 14, '0' );
END;
kumar venkatesan answered 2019-01-10T23:36:13Z
-1 votes
oracle在12c中有序列和标识列
[http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/12c/identity-columns-in-oracle-12cr1.php#identity-columns]
我发现了这个,但不确定rdb 7是什么[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/products/rdb/0307-identity-columns-128126.pdf]
Kalpesh Soni answered 2019-01-10T23:36:50Z
-1 votes
create trigger t1_trigger
before insert on AUDITLOGS
for each row
begin
select t1_seq.nextval into :new.id from dual;
end;
只需要用表名更改表名(AUDITLOGS),用new.column_name更改new.id
abhishek ringsia answered 2019-01-10T23:37:12Z
-2 votes
也许只是尝试这个简单的脚本:
[http://www.hlavaj.sk/ai.php]
结果是:
CREATE SEQUENCE TABLE_PK_SEQ;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TR_SEQ_TABLE BEFORE INSERT ON TABLE FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT TABLE_PK_SEQ.NEXTVAL
INTO :new.PK
FROM dual;
END;
Martin Hlavaj answered 2019-01-10T23:37:46Z