python tracer_viztracer: VizTracer 是一个这样的工具，它通过跟踪和可视化 Python 代码的执行过程，来帮助你对代码的理解...

VizTracer

VizTracer is a low-overhead logging/debugging/profiling tool that can trace and visualize your python code execution.

You can take a look at the demo result of multiple example programs.

The UI is powered by Chrome Trace Viewer. Use "AWSD" to zoom/navigate.

More help can be found by clicking "?" on the top right corner.

Highlights

Detailed function entry/exit information on timeline with source code

Super easy to use, no source code change for most features, no package dependency

Optional function filter to ignore functions you are not interested

Custom events to log and track arbitrary data through time

Log arbitrary function/variable using RegEx without code change

Stand alone HTML report with powerful front-end, or chrome-compatible json

Works on Linux/MacOS/Windows

Install

The prefered way to install VizTracer is via pip

pip install viztracer

Basic Usage

Command Line

Assume you have a python script to run:

python3 my_script.py arg1 arg2

You can simply use VizTracer by

viztracer my_script.py arg1 arg2

which will generate a result.html file in the directory you run this command, which you can open with Chrome.

You can also generate json file or gz file and load it with chrome://tracing/ or perfetto. gz file is especially helpful when your trace file is large

viztracer -o result.json my_script.py arg1 arg2

viztracer -o result.json.gz my_script.py arg1 arg2

Inline

You can also manually start/stop VizTracer in your script as well.

from viztracer import VizTracer

tracer = VizTracer()

tracer.start()

# Something happens here

tracer.stop()

tracer.save() # also takes output_file as an optional argument

Or, you can do it with with statement

with VizTracer(output_file="optional.html") as tracer:

# Something happens here

Display Result

By default, VizTracer will generate a stand alone HTML file which you can simply open with Chrome.

However, you can generate json file as well, which complies to the chrome trace event format. You can load the json file on perfetto or chrome://tracing.

When you are dealing with big traces, a stand alone HTML file might be very large and hard to load. You should try to dump a compressed filename.json.gz file

Advanced Usage

Trace Filter

VizTracer can filter out the data you don't want to reduce overhead and keep info of a longer time period before you dump the log.

Extra Logs without Code Change

VizTracer can log extra information without changing your source code

Add Custom Event

VizTracer supports inserting custom events while the program is running. This works like a print debug, but you can know when this print happens while looking at trace data.

Misc

Multi Thread Support

VizTracer supports python native threading module without the need to do any modification to your code. Just start VizTracer before you create threads and it will just work.

Multi Process Support

VizTracer supports subprocess with --log_subprocess and multiprocessing or os.fork() with --log_multiprocess.

For more general multi-process cases, VizTracer can support with some extra steps.

Refer to multi process docs for details

JSON alternative

VizTracer needs to dump the internal data to json format. It is recommended for the users to install orjson, which is much faster than the builtin json library. VizTracer will try to import orjson and fall back to the builtin json library if orjson does not exist.

Virtual Debug

You can virtually debug your program with you saved json report. The interface is very similar to pdb. Even better, you can go back in time

because VizTracer has all the info recorded for you.

vdb

Refer to the docs for detailed commands

Performance

VizTracer will introduce 2x to 3x overhead in the worst case. The overhead is much better if there are less function calls or if filters are applied correctly.

An example run for test_performance with Python 3.8 / Ubuntu 18.04.4 on Github VM

fib:

0.000678067(1.00)[origin]

0.019880272(29.32)[py] 0.011103901(16.38)[parse] 0.021165599(31.21)[json]

0.001344933(1.98)[c] 0.008181911(12.07)[parse] 0.015789866(23.29)[json]

0.001472846(2.17)[cProfile]

hanoi (6148, 4100):

0.000550255(1.00)[origin]

0.016343521(29.70)[py] 0.007299123(13.26)[parse] 0.016779364(30.49)[json]

0.001062505(1.93)[c] 0.006416136(11.66)[parse] 0.011463236(20.83)[json]

0.001144914(2.08)[cProfile]

qsort (8289, 5377):

0.002817679(1.00)[origin]

0.052747431(18.72)[py] 0.011339725(4.02)[parse] 0.023644345(8.39)[json]

0.004767673(1.69)[c] 0.008735166(3.10)[parse] 0.017173703(6.09)[json]

0.007248019(2.57)[cProfile]

slow_fib (1135, 758):

0.028759652(1.00)[origin]

0.033994071(1.18)[py] 0.001630461(0.06)[parse] 0.003386635(0.12)[json]

0.029481623(1.03)[c] 0.001152415(0.04)[parse] 0.002191417(0.08)[json]

0.028289305(0.98)[cProfile]

Documentation

Bugs/Requests

Please send bug reports and feature requests through github issue tracker. VizTracer is currently under development now and it's open to any constructive suggestions.

License

Copyright Tian Gao, 2020.

Distributed under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.