MySQL学习04|项目实战

通过前面三篇的学习分享，你应该基本掌握了SLQ语言以及MySQL的相关知识。下面分享几个实战项目提供给你作为练手，其中上部为项目内容，下部为参考答案。作为知识学习的目的之一，应用实践能力应当摆在首要位置。所以，学了不一定懂了，懂了不一定会用了。实际经验表明，在知识学习中必然存在循环往复的回环，而螺旋上升正是认知迭代的常规形态。也无怪“一万次练习”的观点能广泛传播并被很多努力奋斗的人们接受乃至奉为信念。

上部

数据的导入导出

项目一：各部分工资最高的员工

1.创建Employee 表，包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
2.创建Department 表，包含公司所有部门的信息。
3.编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如，Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资，Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。

项目二：换座位

小美是一所中学的信息科技老师，她有一张 seat 座位表，平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。
其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的
小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。
你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢？
请创建如下所示seat表：
示例：
±--------±--------+
| id | student |
±--------±--------+
| 1 | Abbot |
| 2 | Doris |
| 3 | Emerson |
| 4 | Green |
| 5 | Jeames |
±--------±--------+
假如数据输入的是上表，则输出结果如下：
±--------±--------+
| id | student |
±--------±--------+8
| 1 | Doris |
| 2 | Abbot |
| 3 | Green |
| 4 | Emerson |
| 5 | Jeames |
±--------±--------+
注意：
如果学生人数是奇数，则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。

项目三：分数排名

编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同，则两个分数排名（Rank）相同。请注意，平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说，名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
创建以下score表：
±—±------+
| Id | Score |
±—±------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
±—±------+
例如，根据上述给定的 Scores 表，你的查询应该返回（按分数从高到低排列）：
±------±-----+
| Score | Rank |
±------±-----+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
±------±-----+

项目四：行程与用户

Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id，Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型，枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。
±—±----------±----------±--------±-------------------±---------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | Status |Request_at|
±—±----------±----------±--------±-------------------±---------+
| 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-01|
| 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02|
| 8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03|
| 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
±—±----------±----------±--------±-------------------±---------+
Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止，Role 则是一个表示（‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’）的枚举类型。
±---------±-------±-------+
| Users_Id | Banned | Role |
±---------±-------±-------+
| 1 | No | client |
| 2 | Yes | client |
| 3 | No | client |
| 4 | No | client |
| 10 | No | driver |
| 11 | No | driver |
| 12 | No | driver |
| 13 | No | driver |
±---------±-------±-------+
写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表，你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果，取消率（Cancellation Rate）保留两位小数。
±-----------±------------------+
| Day | Cancellation Rate |
±-----------±------------------+
| 2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
| 2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
| 2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
±-----------±------------------+

项目五：各部门前3高工资的员工

将项目7中的employee表清空，重新插入以下数据（其实是多插入5,6两行）：
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
| 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
| 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
±—±------±-------±-------------+
编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。例如，根据上述给定的表格，查询结果应返回：
±-----------±---------±-------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
±-----------±---------±-------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Randy | 85000 |
| IT | Joe | 70000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
| Sales | Sam | 60000 |
±-----------±---------±-------+

此外，请考虑实现各部门前N高工资的员工功能。

项目六：分数排名

对分数表实现排名功能，但是排名是非连续的，如下：
±------±-----+
| Score | Rank |
±------±-----+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.65 | 4 |
| 3.50 | 6 |
±------±-----

下部

参考代码以及解析

• 项目一

# 1-1.创建Employee表
CREATE TABLE Employee(
Id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
Salary INT,
DepartmentId INT
);
# 1-2.插入值(内容自定)
INSERT INTO Employee (
	Id,
	Name,
	Salary,
	DepartmentId
)
VALUES
	(1, "Max", 8000, 2),
	(2, "Henry", 10000, 1),
	(3, "Joson", 9000, 2);

# 2-1.创建Department表
CREATE TABLE Department (
	Id INT NOT NULL,
	NAME VARCHAR (255)
);

# 2-2.插入值
INSERT INTO Department (Id, NAME)
VALUES
	(1, "IT"),
	(2, "Sales");



# 3.编写SQL
SELECT
	Department. NAME AS Department,
	Employee. NAME AS Employee,
	Employee.Salary AS Salary
FROM
	Department
JOIN Employee ON Department.Id = Employee.DepartmentId
WHERE
	Salary IN (
		SELECT
			MAX(Salary)
		FROM
			Employee
		GROUP BY
			DepartmentId
	);

• 项目二

# 1.创建表以及插入值

CREATE TABLE seat (
	id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
	student VARCHAR (255)
);

INSERT INTO seat
VALUES
	(1, 'Abbot'),
	(2, 'Doris'),
	(3, 'Emerson'),
	(4, 'Green'),
	(5, 'Jeames');

# 2.编写SQL
SELECT
	(
		CASE
		WHEN MOD (id, 2) = 1
		AND id != (SELECT max(id) FROM seat) THEN
			id + 1
		WHEN MOD (id, 2) = 0 THEN
			id - 1
		ELSE
			id
		END
	) id,
	student
FROM
	seat
ORDER BY
	id;

• 项目三

# 1.创建表以及插入值 注: DECIMAL(3,2) 表示存储2位小数的3位数
CREATE TABLE score (id INT, Score DECIMAL(3, 2));

INSERT INTO score
VALUES
	(1, 3.50),
	(2, 3.65),
	(3, 4.00),
	(4, 3.85),
	(5, 4.00),
	(6, 3.65);

#2. SQL查询
SELECT
	Score,
	(
		SELECT
			count(DISTINCT Score)
		FROM
			score
		WHERE
			Score >= s.Score
	) AS 'Rank'
FROM
	score AS s
ORDER BY
	Score DESC;

• 项目四

#  1.创建Trips表及插入值
CREATE TABLE Trips (
	Id INT PRIMARY KEY,
	Client_Id INT,
	Driver_Id INT,
	City_Id INT,
	STATUS ENUM (
		'completed',
		'cancelled_by_driver',
		'cancelled_by_client'
	),
	Request_at VARCHAR (50)
);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'1',
		'1',
		'10',
		'1',
		'completed',
		'2013-10-01'
	);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'2',
		'2',
		'11',
		'1',
		'cancelled_by_driver',
		'2013-10-01'
	);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'3',
		'3',
		'12',
		'6',
		'completed',
		'2013-10-01'
	);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'4',
		'4',
		'13',
		'6',
		'cancelled_by_client',
		'2013-10-01'
	);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'5',
		'1',
		'10',
		'1',
		'completed',
		'2013-10-02'
	);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'6',
		'2',
		'11',
		'6',
		'completed',
		'2013-10-02'
	);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'7',
		'3',
		'12',
		'6',
		'completed',
		'2013-10-02'
	);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'8',
		'2',
		'12',
		'12',
		'completed',
		'2013-10-03'
	);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'9',
		'3',
		'10',
		'12',
		'completed',
		'2013-10-03'
	);

INSERT INTO Trips (
	Id,
	Client_Id,
	Driver_Id,
	City_Id,
	STATUS,
	Request_at
)
VALUES
	(
		'10',
		'4',
		'13',
		'12',
		'cancelled_by_driver',
		'2013-10-03'
	);



#  2.创建Users表及插入值
CREATE TABLE Users (
	Users_Id INT PRIMARY KEY,
	Banned VARCHAR (50),
	Role ENUM (
		'client',
		'driver',
		'partner'
	)
);

INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
VALUES
	('1', 'No', 'client');

INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
VALUES
	('2', 'Yes', 'client');

INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
VALUES
	('3', 'No', 'client');

INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
VALUES
	('4', 'No', 'client');

INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
VALUES
	('10', 'No', 'driver');

INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
VALUES
	('11', 'No', 'driver');

INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
VALUES
	('12', 'No', 'driver');

INSERT INTO Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
VALUES
	('13', 'No', 'driver');

# 3.为表Trips增加外键
ALTER TABLE Trips ADD FOREIGN KEY (Client_Id) REFERENCES Users (Users_Id);

ALTER TABLE Trips ADD FOREIGN KEY (Driver_Id) REFERENCES Users (Users_Id);

# SQL查询

SELECT
	Request_at AS DAY,
	ROUND(
		SUM(
			CASE
			WHEN STATUS LIKE 'Cancelled%' THEN
				1
			ELSE
				0
			END
		) / COUNT(*),
		2
	) AS 'Cancellation Rate'
FROM
	Trips
JOIN Users ON Users.Users_Id = Trips.Client_Id
AND Users.Banned = 'No'
GROUP BY
	Request_at;

• 项目五

# 1.清空表及插入新值
TRUNCATE TABLE employee;

INSERT INTO Employee
VALUES
	(1, 'Joe', 70000, 1),
	(2, 'Henry', 80000, 2),
	(3, 'Sam', 60000, 2),
	(4, 'Max', 90000, 1),
	(5, 'Janet', 69000, 1),
	(6, 'Randy', 85000, 1);

# 2.SQL查询
SELECT
	d. NAME AS Department,
	e. NAME AS Employee,
	e.Salary AS Salary
FROM
	Employee e
JOIN Department d ON e.DepartmentId = d.Id
WHERE
	Salary IN (
		SELECT
			Salary
		FROM
			Employee
		WHERE
			(
				SELECT
					COUNT(DISTINCT Salary)
				FROM
					Employee
				WHERE
					Salary >= e.Salary
				AND DepartmentId = d.id
			) <= 3
	)
ORDER BY
	DepartmentId,
	Salary DESC;

• 项目六

# 1.SQL查询
SELECT
	score,
	(
		(
			SELECT
				count(score)
			FROM
				score
			WHERE
				score > s.score
		) + 1
	) AS 'Rank'
FROM
	score AS s
ORDER BY
	score DESC;