多线程 java future_java多线程之创建线程的4种方式及Future

Java使用Thread类代表线程，所有的线程对象都必须是Thread类或其子类的实例。Java可以用四种方式来创建线程：

继承Thread创建线程

实现Runnable接口创建线程

实现callable接口实现线程

使用线程池Executor创建线程

1.继承Thread实现线程

我们先来看一下Thread的源码，它是一个类，同样也实现了Runnable接口

public

class Thread implementsRunnable {/*Make sure registerNatives is the first thing does.*/

private static native voidregisterNatives();static{

registerNatives();

}private volatileString name;private intpriority;privateThread threadQ;private longeetop;/*Whether or not to single_step this thread.*/

private booleansingle_step;/*Whether or not the thread is a daemon thread.*/

private boolean daemon = false;/*JVM state*/

private boolean stillborn = false;/*What will be run.*/

privateRunnable target;/*The group of this thread*/

privateThreadGroup group;/*The context ClassLoader for this thread*/

privateClassLoader contextClassLoader;/*The inherited AccessControlContext of this thread*/

privateAccessControlContext inheritedAccessControlContext;/*For autonumbering anonymous threads.*/

private static intthreadInitNumber;private static synchronized intnextThreadNum() {return threadInitNumber++;

}/*ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained

* by the ThreadLocal class.*/ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals= null;/** InheritableThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is

* maintained by the InheritableThreadLocal class.*/ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals= null;/** The requested stack size for this thread, or 0 if the creator did

* not specify a stack size. It is up to the VM to do whatever it

* likes with this number; some VMs will ignore it.*/

private longstackSize;/** JVM-private state that persists after native thread termination.*/

private longnativeParkEventPointer;/** Thread ID*/

private longtid;/*For generating thread ID*/

private static longthreadSeqNumber;/*Java thread status for tools,

* initialized to indicate thread 'not yet started'*/

private volatile int threadStatus = 0;//......

}

通过继承Thread类来创建并启动多线程的一般步骤如下

1】d定义Thread类的子类，并重写该类的run()方法，该方法的方法体就是线程需要完成的任务，run()方法也称为线程执行体。

2】创建Thread子类的实例，也就是创建了线程对象

3】启动线程，即调用线程的start()方法

代码示例：

public classThreadTest {public static voidmain(String[] args) {newMyThread().start();

}static class MyThread extends Thread {//继承Thread

public voidrun() {

System.out.println("我是继承Thread类！！ ");

}

}

}

2.实现Runnable接口创建线程

我们来看一下Runnable的源码，它是一个接口：

@FunctionalInterfacepublic interfaceRunnable {/*** When an object implementing interface Runnable is used

* to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object's

* run method to be called in that separately executing

* thread.

*

* The general contract of the method run is that it may

* take any action whatsoever.

*

*@seejava.lang.Thread#run()*/

public abstract voidrun();

}

由于run()方法返回值为void类型，所以在执行完任务之后无法返回任何结果。

通过实现Runnable接口创建并启动线程一般步骤如下：

1】定义Runnable接口的实现类，一样要重写run()方法，这个run()方