动词ing的六种用法_【秒懂语法】need与dare的用法梳理及总结

Need和dare既可以充当情态动词，又可以充当实义动词，因此经常把人搞晕。此篇梳理一下这两个词的用法。

Need

一、作实义动词，后边的宾语可以是名词、动名词(v-ing)、不定式(to do)、代词。这种情况下，need可用于肯定、否定、疑问句，遵守普通实义动词的规则。

① need sth. 最基本的用法，need的宾语可以是名词或代词。

• We need a large amount of money.
• They do not need it anymore.
• Does your father need any help?

② need + 动名词(v-ing)

注意：need doing是主动形式被动含义，need doing=need to be done

• The office needs painting.= The office needs to be painted.
• Your car needs repairing.= Your car needs to be repaired.

③ need to do 需要去做

• What do we need to take for the picnic?
• Do I need to show my passport?
• You need to take good care of your mother.

二、作情态动词，具有情态动词的一般性质，情态动词的主要特征——

• 不随人称和数的变化而变化
• 后接动词原形
• 时态变化少（不是没有时态变化）
• 否定、疑问简单明了

私房英语小灶：【英语语法】情态动词表推测①​zhuanlan.zhihu.com

注意：need作情态动词时，只能用于否定句和疑问句。

• There is enough time. You needn't hurry.
• ---- Need I call him now? ---- No, you needn't. / Yes, you need to. (否定与肯定回答中，need的词性不同，用法也不同)

PS: needn't do, needn't have done, didn't need to do的区别

• needn't do 不需要做（指将来的事）
• needn't have done 多此一举，做了本不必做的事（指过去的事）
• didn't need to do = didn't have to do 不必做，也没做（指过去的事）

Dare

一、作实义动词，可用于各种句型，后接to do

• I wonder how he dared to say such things.
• Did she dare to tell him the truth?
• The man does not dare to say anything.

注意：dare作实义动词加to do，有时也省略to，只保留动词原形。

• Did she dare (to) tell him the truth?
• The man does not dare (to) say anything.
• I have never dared (to) ask the boss for a rise.

二、作情态动词，后接动词原形，用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句

• Dare you go to the forest alone?
• I dare not ask the boss for a rise.
• I don't think he dare have a try. （否定前移）

注意：I dare say是一句俚语，意为“很可能”、“我想……”

PS: dare的过去式问题

情态动词dare有过去式dared，也可以直接用dare表示过去式，即dare和dared两种形式都可以表示过去式……_(¦3」∠)_因此，dare (not) have done与dared (not) have done都对。╮(╯▽╰)╭

小灶建议：鉴于这两种形式都不常用（不是重点也不是考点），自己写的时候不要自虐，就用didn't dare to do就好。万一文中出现以上两种奇葩形式，能看懂就行。

接下来，问题来了！由于to的省略，出现dare do/dared do的时候，这个dare到底是实义动词还是情态动词？

• Did she dare (to) tell him the truth? ←→ Dare she tell him the truth?
• The man does not dare (to) say anything. ←→ The man dare not say anything.
• I have never dared (to) ask the boss for a rise. ←→ I dare not ask the boss for a rise.

首先，有助动词的情况下，dare肯定是实义动词，因为情态动词与助动词不兼容；其次，情态动词至多只有原形和过去式两种形式，出现其他形式（时态），肯定是实义动词。

万一出现 "I wonder how he dared (to) say such things." 这种句子，即加不加to都对的情况，怎么办？

小灶建议：那就不用纠结了，加不加to看心情╮(╯▽╰)╭（这个不是考点）。