Linux上的/proc目录是一种文件系统,称为proc文件系统(虚拟文件系统),它存储内核状态信息,包括cpu、内存以及进程等信息。proc文件系统有很多优点:应用程序获取内核数据不用切换到内核态,增加了系统的安全性(像ps命令就是通过proc获取进程信息);应用程序可以通过proc直接改变内核参数,这样不用重新编译内核就可以改变和优化内核行为。总之,proc为用户应用程序获取系统内部信息提供了一个安全、方便的界面。proc存在内存中,不占用外存。
下面是/proc目录下的文件:
apm
高级电源管理信息
cmdline
内核命令行
Cpuinfo
关于 Cpu 信息
Devices
可以用到的设备(块设备/字符设备)
Dma
Used DMS channels
Filesystems
支持的文件系统
Interrupts
中断的使用
Ioports
I/O 端口的使用
Kcore
内核核心印象
Kmsg
内核消息
Ksyms
内核符号表
Loadavg
负载均衡
Locks
内核锁
Meminfo
内存信息
Misc
Miscellaneous
Modules
加载模块列表
Mounts
加载的文件系统
Partitions
系统识别的分区表
Rtc
Real time clock
Slabinfo
Slab pool info
Stat
全面统计状态表
Swaps
对换空间的利用情况
Version
内核版本
Uptime
系统正常运行时间
下面是我自己写得一个查看cpu和内核版本信息以及启动时间的程序:
因为要涉及文件读写,先介绍一下几个文件读写函数。
1)fgetc从流中读取一个字符,并增加文件指针的位置,常与EOF配合使用,将流中的字符全部读出。
2)putchar向终端输出一个字符。
3)fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream),从文件流中读取一行到s中,size一般为数组s的大小,且s以字符'/0'结束。
4)int feof(FILE *stream)判断是否遇到文件结束,如果遇到则返回非零值,否则为0。
5)int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)从文件流(或标准输入)中进行格式化输入,用法如下:
#include
int main()
{
int i;
char s[5];
fscanf(stdin, "%d %5[a-z]%*s", &i, s);
printf("%d %s \n", i, s);
return 0;
}
执行结果(命令行输入99 abcdefghijk,由于fscanf遇到空格和换行时结束,则99存到i,abcde存到s):
#include
#include
#define LB_SIZE 80
enum TYPE{STANDARD, SHORT, LONG};
FILE *thisProcFile; //Proc open file pointer
struct timeval now; //system time date
enum TYPE reportType; //the type of observation report
char repTypeName[16];
char *lineBuf; //read out buffer
int interval; //system overload detect interval
int duration; //system overload detect duration
int iteration;
char c1, c2; //character handle uint
void getTwoTime(FILE *fp)
{
long uptime, idletime;
int day, hour,minute, second;
int m, n;
char temp[80];
m = n = 0;
int ret;
int i = 0;
char s[100][100];
int j;
while((ret=fscanf(fp, "%s", s[i])) != EOF) i++;
for(j = 0; j < i; j++)
{
printf("%s\n", s[j]);
}
uptime = atol(s[0]);
idletime = atol(s[1]);
printf("<\n");
printf("the uptime of system -----------------------------> %ld\n", uptime);
printf("the idletime of process -----------------------------> %ld\n", idletime);
printf("<\n");
/* time_t uptime_timet = uptime;
printf("xixixixixi%ld\n", uptime_timet);
char *result = ctime(&uptime_timet);
printf("hahahahahahah %s\n", result);
*/
int days;
int hours;
int minutes;
int seconds;
//uptime of system
days = (int)uptime/86400;
hours = (int)uptime%86400/3600;
minutes = (int)uptime%3600/60;
seconds = (int)uptime%3600%60;
printf("the uptime of system-------------days %d----hours %d-----minutes %d-----seconds %d----\n", days, hours, minutes, seconds);
//idletime
days = (int)idletime/86400;
hours = (int)idletime%86400/3600;
minutes = (int)idletime%3600/60;
seconds = (int)idletime%3600%60;
printf("the idletime of system-------------days %d----hours %d-----minutes %d-----seconds %d----\n", days, hours, minutes, seconds);
}
//get time from starting
void sampleTime()
{
//open timer file
FILE *fp;
if((fp=fopen("/proc/uptime", "r")) == NULL)
{
printf("not open /proc/uptime");
exit(0);
}
getTwoTime(fp);
fclose(fp);
}
void getCPUinfo()
{
FILE *cpuinfo;
char ch;
if((cpuinfo=fopen("/proc/cpuinfo","r")) == NULL)
{
printf("not open /proc/cpuinfo");
exit(0);
}
/* while((ch=fgetc(cpuinfo)) != EOF)
putchar(ch);
fclose(cpuinfo);
*/
printf("*********************cpu*******************\n");
while(!feof(cpuinfo))
{
fgets(lineBuf, LB_SIZE+1, cpuinfo);
printf("%s", lineBuf);
}
fclose(cpuinfo);
}
void getKernelVersion()
{
FILE *version;
char ch;
if((version=fopen("/proc/version","r")) == NULL)
{
printf("not open /proc/version");
exit(0);
}
printf("*****************version*************************\n");
while(!feof(version))
{
fgets(lineBuf, LB_SIZE+1, version);
printf("%s", lineBuf);
}
fclose(version);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
lineBuf = (char *)malloc(LB_SIZE + 1);
reportType = STANDARD;
strcpy(repTypeName, "Standard");
if(argc > 1)
{
sscanf(argv[1], "%c%c", &c1, &c2);
if(c1 != '-') exit(1);
if(c2 == 'b')
{
printf("********************************Memory Info*********************************\n");
//open memory info
FILE *meminfo;
char ch;
if((meminfo=fopen("/proc/meminfo","r")) == NULL)
{
printf("not open /proc/meminfo");
exit(0);
}
while((ch=fgetc(meminfo)) != EOF)
putchar(ch);
fclose(meminfo);
printf("********************************TIME*********************************\n");
//cat the start time
sampleTime();
} else if(c2 == 'c')
{
//get cpu info and kernel version
printf("*************************CPU & kernel*************************\n");
getCPUinfo();
getKernelVersion();
}
}
}
执行: