matlab 排列组合 c5 2,MATLAB自学笔记（二十三）：概率统计2

四、统计特征

1.平均值、中值

mean：平均数

median：中位数

nanmedian：忽略NaN的中位数

geomean：几何平均数

harmmean：调和平均数

Python

>> A = magic(5)

A =

17 24 1 8 15

23 5 7 14 16

4 6 13 20 22

10 12 19 21 3

11 18 25 2 9

>> M1 = mean(A)

M1 =

13 13 13 13 13

>> M2 = median(A)

M2 =

11 12 13 14 15

>> M3 = nanmedian(A)

M3 =

11 12 13 14 15

>> M4 = geomean(A)

M4 =

11.1462 10.9234 8.4557 9.8787 10.7349

>> M5 = harmmean(A)

M5 =

9.2045 9.1371 3.8098 6.2969 8.0767

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

>>A=magic(5)

A=

17241815

23571416

46132022

101219213

11182529

>>M1=mean(A)

M1=

1313131313

>>M2=median(A)

M2=

1112131415

>>M3=nanmedian(A)

M3=

1112131415

>>M4=geomean(A)

M4=

11.146210.92348.45579.878710.7349

>>M5=harmmean(A)

M5=

9.20459.13713.80986.29698.0767

2.数据比较

sort：普通排序

sortrows：按行排序

range：求解值域大小

Python

>> A = rand(5)

A =

0.8147 0.0975 0.1576 0.1419 0.6557

0.9058 0.2785 0.9706 0.4218 0.0357

0.1270 0.5469 0.9572 0.9157 0.8491

0.9134 0.9575 0.4854 0.7922 0.9340

0.6324 0.9649 0.8003 0.9595 0.6787

>> S1 = sort(A)

S1 =

0.1270 0.0975 0.1576 0.1419 0.0357

0.6324 0.2785 0.4854 0.4218 0.6557

0.8147 0.5469 0.8003 0.7922 0.6787

0.9058 0.9575 0.9572 0.9157 0.8491

0.9134 0.9649 0.9706 0.9595 0.9340

>> S2 = sortrows(A)

S2 =

0.1270 0.5469 0.9572 0.9157 0.8491

0.6324 0.9649 0.8003 0.9595 0.6787

0.8147 0.0975 0.1576 0.1419 0.6557

0.9058 0.2785 0.9706 0.4218 0.0357

0.9134 0.9575 0.4854 0.7922 0.9340

>> S3 = range(A)

S3 =

0.7864 0.8673 0.8130 0.8176 0.8983

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

>>A=rand(5)

A=

0.81470.09750.15760.14190.6557

0.90580.27850.97060.42180.0357

0.12700.54690.95720.91570.8491

0.91340.95750.48540.79220.9340

0.63240.96490.80030.95950.6787

>>S1=sort(A)

S1=

0.12700.09750.15760.14190.0357

0.63240.27850.48540.42180.6557

0.81470.54690.80030.79220.6787

0.90580.95750.95720.91570.8491

0.91340.96490.97060.95950.9340

>>S2=sortrows(A)

S2=

0.12700.54690.95720.91570.8491

0.63240.96490.80030.95950.6787

0.81470.09750.15760.14190.6557

0.90580.27850.97060.42180.0357

0.91340.95750.48540.79220.9340

>>S3=range(A)

S3=

0.78640.86730.81300.81760.8983

3.方差(即期望 var)、标准差(std)

var：方差

std：标准差

skewness：三阶统计量斜度

Python

>> x = randn(8,2)

x =

1.0347 -0.8095

0.7269 -2.9443

-0.3034 1.4384

0.2939 0.3252

-0.7873 -0.7549

0.8884 1.3703

-1.1471 -1.7115

-1.0689 -0.1022

>> dx = var(x)

dx =

0.8040 2.2308

>> dx1 = var(x,1)

dx1 =

0.7035 1.9519

>> s = std(x)

s =

0.8967 1.4936

>> s1 = std(x,2)

错误使用 var (line 177)

W 必须为非负权重矢量，或者为标量 0 或 1。

出错 std (line 38)

y = sqrt(var(varargin{:}));

>> s1 = std(x,0)

s1 =

0.8967 1.4936

>> s1 = std(x,1)

s1 =

0.8388 1.3971

>> sk = skewness(x)

sk =

-0.0554 -0.3088

>> sk = skewness(x,1)

sk =

-0.0554 -0.3088

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

>>x=randn(8,2)

x=

1.0347-0.8095

0.7269-2.9443

-0.30341.4384

0.29390.3252

-0.7873-0.7549

0.88841.3703

-1.1471-1.7115

-1.0689-0.1022

>>dx=var(x)

dx=

0.80402.2308

>>dx1=var(x,1)

dx1=

0.70351.9519

>>s=std(x)

s=

0.89671.4936

>>s1=std(x,2)

错误使用var(line177)

W必须为非负权重矢量，或者为标量0或1。

出错std(line38)

y=sqrt(var(varargin{:}));

>>s1=std(x,0)

s1=

0.89671.4936

>>s1=std(x,1)

s1=

0.83881.3971

>>sk=skewness(x)

sk=

-0.0554-0.3088

>>sk=skewness(x,1)

sk=

-0.0554-0.3088

4.协方差(cov)与相关系数(corrcoef)

Python

>> x = ones(1,5)

x =

1 1 1 1 1

>> r = rand(5,1)

r =

0.3816

0.7655

0.7952

0.1869

0.4898

>> X = ones(5,5)

X =

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

>> A = magic(5)

A =

17 24 1 8 15

23 5 7 14 16

4 6 13 20 22

10 12 19 21 3

11 18 25 2 9

>> C1 = cov(x)

C1 =

0

>> C2 = cov(r)

C2 =

0.0667

>> C3 = cov(x,r)

C3 =

0 0

0 0.0667

>> C4 = cov(r,x)

C4 =

0.0667 0

0 0

>> C5 = cov(X)

C5 =

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

>> C6 = cov(A)

C6 =

52.5000 5.0000 -37.5000 -18.7500 -1.2500

5.0000 65.0000 -7.5000 -43.7500 -18.7500

-37.5000 -7.5000 90.0000 -7.5000 -37.5000

-18.7500 -43.7500 -7.5000 65.0000 5.0000

-1.2500 -18.7500 -37.5000 5.0000 52.5000

>> C7 = corrcoef(x,r)

C7 =

NaN NaN

NaN 1

>> C8 = corrcoef(A,X)

C8 =

1 NaN

NaN NaN

>> C9 = corrcoef(A)

C9 =

1.0000 0.0856 -0.5455 -0.3210 -0.0238

0.0856 1.0000 -0.0981 -0.6731 -0.3210

-0.5455 -0.0981 1.0000 -0.0981 -0.5455

-0.3210 -0.6731 -0.0981 1.0000 0.0856

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

>>x=ones(1,5)

x=

11111

>>r=rand(5,1)

r=

0.3816

0.7655

0.7952

0.1869

0.4898

>>X=ones(5,5)

X=

11111

11111

11111

11111

11111

>>A=magic(5)

A=

17241815

23571416

46132022

101219213

11182529

>>C1=cov(x)

C1=

0

>>C2=cov(r)

C2=

0.0667

>>C3=cov(x,r)

C3=

00

00.0667

>>C4=cov(r,x)

C4=

0.06670

00

>>C5=cov(X)

C5=

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

>>C6=cov(A)

C6=

52.50005.0000-37.5000-18.7500-1.2500

5.000065.0000-7.5000-43.7500-18.7500

-37.5000-7.500090.0000-7.5000-37.5000

-18.7500-43.7500-7.500065.00005.0000

-1.2500-18.7500-37.50005.000052.5000

>>C7=corrcoef(x,r)

C7=

NaNNaN

NaN1

>>C8=corrcoef(A,X)

C8=

1NaN

NaNNaN

>>C9=corrcoef(A)

C9=

1.00000.0856-0.5455-0.3210-0.0238

0.08561.0000-0.0981-0.6731-0.3210

-0.5455-0.09811.0000-0.0981-0.5455

-0.3210-0.6731-0.09811.00000.0856

五、统计作图

1.正整数频率表(tabulate)

Python

>> T = ceil(5*rand(1,10))

T =

3 4 4 4 2 4 4 1 1 3

>> table = tabulate(T)

table =

1 2 20

2 1 10

3 2 20

4 5 50

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

>>T=ceil(5*rand(1,10))

T=

3444244113

>>table=tabulate(T)

table=

1220

2110

3220

4550

其第一列为元素，第二列为出现次数，第三列为百分比

2.累计分布函数图形(cdfplot)

[h, (stats)] = cdfplot(x)

h 为表示曲线的句柄，x 为向量；stats 为样本的一些特征

Python

>> y = evrnd(0,3,100,1);

>> cdfplot(y)

>> hold on

>> x = -20 : .1 ; 10;

>> f = evcdf(x,0,3);

>> plot(x,f,'m')

1

2

3

4

5

6

>>y=evrnd(0,3,100,1);

>>cdfplot(y)

>>holdon

>>x=-20:.1;10;

>>f=evcdf(x,0,3);

>>plot(x,f,'m')

3.最小二乘拟合直线(lsline)

lsline

h = lsline

h为拟合曲线的句柄，该语句可实现离散数据的最小二乘拟合

Python

>> x = 1:10;

>> y1 = x + randn(1,10);

>> scatter(x,y1,25,'b','*')

>> hold on

>> y2 = 2*x + randn(1,10);

>> plot(x,y2,'mo')

>> lsline

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

>>x=1:10;

>>y1=x+randn(1,10);

>>scatter(x,y1,25,'b','*')

>>holdon

>>y2=2*x+randn(1,10);

>>plot(x,y2,'mo')

>>lsline

4.绘制正态分布概率图形(normplot)

h = normplot(X)

其中，若X为向量，则显示正态分布概率图形；若X为矩阵，则显示每一列的正态分布

Python

>> x = normrnd(10,1,25,1);

>> normplot(x) %绘制向量对象

>> figure

>> normplot([x,1.5*x]) %绘制矩阵对象

1

2

3

4

>>x=normrnd(10,1,25,1);

>>normplot(x)%绘制向量对象

>>figure

>>normplot([x,1.5*x])%绘制矩阵对象

5.样本数据的盒图(boxplot)

boxplot(X)

boxplot(X, G)

boxplot(axes, X, …)

boxplot(…, ‘name’, value)

X为待绘制的变量；G为附加变量；axes 为坐标轴句柄；name，value 为可设置属性的属性名和属性值

Python

>> x = randn(100,25);

>> subplot(311),boxplot(x)

>> subplot(312),boxplot(x,'plotstyle','compact')

>> subplot(313),boxplot(x,'notch','on')

1

2

3

4

>>x=randn(100,25);

>>subplot(311),boxplot(x)

>>subplot(312),boxplot(x,'plotstyle','compact')

>>subplot(313),boxplot(x,'notch','on')

看不懂盒图是什么

6.绘制参考线

refline 绘制参考直线，reflcurve 绘制参考曲线

refline(m, b)

refline(coeffs)

refline

hline = refline(…)

m 为斜率、b 为截距；coeffs 为前面两个参数构成的向量；hline 为参考线句柄

Python

>> x = 1 : 10;

>> y = x + randn(1,10);

>> scatter(x,y,25,'b','*')

>> lsline

>> mu = mean(y);

>> hline = refline([0 mu]);

>> set(hline, 'Color', 'r')

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

>>x=1:10;

>>y=x+randn(1,10);

>>scatter(x,y,25,'b','*')

>>lsline

>>mu=mean(y);

>>hline=refline([0mu]);

>>set(hline,'Color','r')

reflcurve

reflcurve(p)

hcurve = reflcurve(…)

p 为多项式系数向量

Python

>> p = [1 -2 -1 0];

>> t = 0 : .1 : 3;

>> y = polyval(p,t) + .5*randn(size(t));

>> plot(t,y,'ro')

>> h = refcurve(p);

>> set(h,'Color','r')

>> q = polyfit(t,y,3);

>> refcurve(q)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

>>p=[1-2-10];

>>t=0:.1:3;

>>y=polyval(p,t)+.5*randn(size(t));

>>plot(t,y,'ro')

>>h=refcurve(p);

>>set(h,'Color','r')

>>q=polyfit(t,y,3);

>>refcurve(q)

7.样本概率图形(capaplot)

p = capaplot(data, specs)

[p, h] = capaplot(data, specs)

data 为样本数据，specs 用于指定范围，p表示在指定范围内的概率

该函数返回来自与估计分布的随机变量落在指定范围内的概率

Python

>> data = normrnd(3,.005,100,1);

>> p1 = capaplot(data,[2.99 3.01])

p1 =

0.9449

>> grid on; axis tight

>> figure

>> p2 = capaplot(data,[2.995 3.015])

p2 =

0.8037

>> grid on; axis tight

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

>>data=normrnd(3,.005,100,1);

>>p1=capaplot(data,[2.993.01])

p1=

0.9449

>>gridon;axistight

>>figure

>>p2=capaplot(data,[2.9953.015])

p2=

0.8037

>>gridon;axistight

8.正态拟合直方图(histfit)

histfit(data)

histfit(data, nbins)

histfit(data, nbins, dist)

h = histfit(…)

data 为向量；nbins 指定bar 的个数；dist为分布类型

Python

>> r = normrnd(10,1,200,1);

>> histfit(r)

>> h = get(gca,'Children');

>> set(h(2),'FaceColor',[.8 .8 1])

>> figure

>> histfit(r,20)

>> h = get(gca,'Children');

>> set(h(2),'FaceColor',[.8 .8 1])

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

>>r=normrnd(10,1,200,1);

>>histfit(r)

>>h=get(gca,'Children');

>>set(h(2),'FaceColor',[.8.81])

>>figure

>>histfit(r,20)

>>h=get(gca,'Children');

>>set(h(2),'FaceColor',[.8.81])

赞赏作者

喜欢 (1)or分享 (0)