python abstractmethod_Python 2.7结合了abc.abstractmethod和classmethod

我最近遇到了同样的问题。也就是说，我需要抽象的类方法，但由于其他项目约束而无法使用Python3。我想出的解决办法如下。

abcExtend.py:import abc

class instancemethodwrapper(object):

def __init__(self, callable):

self.callable = callable

self.__dontcall__ = False

def __getattr__(self, key):

return getattr(self.callable, key)

def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):

if self.__dontcall__:

raise TypeError('Attempted to call abstract method.')

return self.callable(*args,**kwargs)

class newclassmethod(classmethod):

def __init__(self, func):

super(newclassmethod, self).__init__(func)

isabstractmethod = getattr(func,'__isabstractmethod__',False)

if isabstractmethod:

self.__isabstractmethod__ = isabstractmethod

def __get__(self, instance, owner):

result = instancemethodwrapper(super(newclassmethod, self).__get__(instance, owner))

isabstractmethod = getattr(self,'__isabstractmethod__',False)

if isabstractmethod:

result.__isabstractmethod__ = isabstractmethod

abstractmethods = getattr(owner,'__abstractmethods__',None)

if abstractmethods and result.__name__ in abstractmethods:

result.__dontcall__ = True

return result

class abstractclassmethod(newclassmethod):

def __init__(self, func):

func = abc.abstractmethod(func)

super(abstractclassmethod,self).__init__(func)

用法：from abcExtend import abstractclassmethod

class A(object):

__metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

@abstractclassmethod

def foo(cls):

return 6

class B(A):

pass

class C(B):

@classmethod

def foo(cls):

return super(C,cls).foo() + 1

try:

a = A()

except TypeError:

print 'Instantiating A raises a TypeError.'

try:

A.foo()

except TypeError:

print 'Calling A.foo raises a TypeError.'

try:

b = B()

except TypeError:

print 'Instantiating B also raises a TypeError because foo was not overridden.'

try:

B.foo()

except TypeError:

print 'As does calling B.foo.'

#But C can be instantiated because C overrides foo

c = C()

#And C.foo can be called

print C.foo()

下面是一些pyunit测试，它们给出了更详尽的演示。

测试扩展.py：import unittest

import abc

oldclassmethod = classmethod

from abcExtend import newclassmethod as classmethod, abstractclassmethod

class Test(unittest.TestCase):

def setUp(self):

pass

def tearDown(self):

pass

def testClassmethod(self):

class A(object):

__metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

@classmethod

@abc.abstractmethod

def foo(cls):

return 6

class B(A):

@classmethod

def bar(cls):

return 5

class C(B):

@classmethod

def foo(cls):

return super(C,cls).foo() + 1

self.assertRaises(TypeError,A.foo)

self.assertRaises(TypeError,A)

self.assertRaises(TypeError,B)

self.assertRaises(TypeError,B.foo)

self.assertEqual(B.bar(),5)

self.assertEqual(C.bar(),5)

self.assertEqual(C.foo(),7)

def testAbstractclassmethod(self):

class A(object):

__metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

@abstractclassmethod

def foo(cls):

return 6

class B(A):

pass

class C(B):

@oldclassmethod

def foo(cls):

return super(C,cls).foo() + 1

self.assertRaises(TypeError,A.foo)

self.assertRaises(TypeError,A)

self.assertRaises(TypeError,B)

self.assertRaises(TypeError,B.foo)

self.assertEqual(C.foo(),7)

c = C()

self.assertEqual(c.foo(),7)

if __name__ == "__main__":

#import sys;sys.argv = ['', 'Test.testName']

unittest.main()

我还没有评估这个解决方案的性能成本，但到目前为止，它对我的目的是有效的。