oracle 配置文档,linux_oracle配置文档

一、安装必须配置固定IP地址1、系统需求硬件需求：内存2G，SWAP4G ,磁盘空间大于8G，TMP大于1G软件需求：yum install elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 -yrpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5.i386.rpm用户环境：groupadd oinstall&&groupadd dba&&useradd -g oinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oraclemkdir /opt/oracle&&chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/&&chmod -R 775 /opt[root@dbserver ~]# vim ~oracle/.bash_profile……ORACLE_BASE=/optORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracleORACLE_OWNER=oracleORACLE_TERM=xtermORACLE_SID=orclPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/binLANG=zh_CN.UTF-8export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME LANG ORACLE_OWNER ORACLE_TERM ORACLE_SID PATH内核要求:vim /etc/sysctl.conffs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586sysctl -p会话要求:vim /etc/pam.d/loginsessionrequiredpam_limits.sovim /etc/security/limits.conforaclesoftnproc8192oraclehardnproc16384oraclesoftnofile32768oraclehardnofile65536reboot以ORACLE用户登录二、ORACLE安装mkdir /opt/sourcedbcp -rv /misc/cd/* /opt/sourcedbcd /opt/sourcedb./runInstaller -jreLoc/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.6.0如果提示网络配置助手(net configuration assistant)出错，关闭安装程序，删除产品清单目录，重新安装。rm -rf /opt/oracle/oraInventory/三、ORACLE配置1、运行dbstart时启动数据库实例vim /etc/orataborcl:/opt/oracle:Y2、启动ORACLE数据库ORACLE侦听器：lsnrctl status/start/stopORACLE企业管理器：emctl start/stop/status dbconsole启动关闭ORACLE数据库：dbstart/dbshutvim /opt/oracle/bin/dbstart把ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1替换为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOMEvim /opt/oracle/bin/dbshut把ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1替换为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME3、为避免手动启动ORACLE数据库,需将ORACLE注册为系统服务vim /root/oracled#!/bin/bash# chkconfig: 35 88 99# description: Oracle Database Service Daemon.ORACLE_BASE="/opt"ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracleORACLE_OWNER=oraclecase "$1" instart)su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"#//启用监听器su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"#//启用数据库su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole" #//启用OEM;;stop)su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" #//停止OEMsu - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"#//停止数据库su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"#//停止监听器;;status)if(pgrep "tnslsnr" && netstat -anpt | grep ":1521") &> /dev/nullthenecho "Oracle 11g Net Listener is running."elseecho "Oracle 11g Net Listener is not running."fiif(netstat -anpt | grep ":1158" && netstat -anpt | grep ":5520") &> /dev/nullthenecho "Oracle 11g Enterprise Manager is running."elseecho "Oracle 11g Enterprise Manager is not running."fi;;restart)$0 stop$0 start;;*)echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"exit 1;;esacexit 0chmod o+x /root/oracledcp /root/oracled /etc/init.dchkconfig --add oracledchkconfig oracled onreboot四、ORACLE数据库的维护1、登录及退出命令sqlplus /nologconn /as sysdbaexit2、用户操作命令create user wcg identified by "123456";grant connect,resource to wcg;select * from all_users where username='WCG'alter user wcg identified by 654321;drop user wcg cascade;3、表操作命令create table stu01(name char(16) not null primary key,password char(16) not null );desc stu01select table_name from all_tables where table_name='STU01';drop table stu01;4、记录操作命令insert into stu01 values('wcg','123456');DELETE FROM STU01 WHERE NAME='WCG';UPDATE STU01 SET PASSWORD='000000' WHERE NAME='LY';SELECT * FROM STU01;5、数据库的备份与还原a、环境准备mkdir /opt/bakup&&chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/bakupCREATE DIRECTORY dmpdir AS '/opt/bakup';GRANT all ON DIRECTORY dmpdir TO wcg;b、备份expdp wcg/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=wcg-20121010.dmpc、还原impdp wcg/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=wcg-20121010.dmp REUSE_DATAFILES=Y TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=REPLACE