python课程知识点总结_Python基础教程：Pandas知识点汇总（3）——索引对齐

原标题：Python基础教程：Pandas知识点汇总(3)——索引对齐

打算跟大家把Pandas相关的知识点跟大家汇总一起来讲一下，本期的Python基础教程一起来学习吧！

一.索引对象支持集合运算：联合、交叉、求差、对称差

Demo1:

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

college = pd.read_csv('data/college.csv')

columns = college.columns

c1 = columns[:4]

c2 = columns[2:5]

print(c1.union(c2))

print(c1 | c2)

Demo2:

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

college = pd.read_csv('data/college.csv')

columns = college.columns

c1 = columns[:4]

c2 = columns[2:5]

print("c1 : ",c1)

print("c2 : ",c2)

print(c1.symmetric_difference(c2))

print(c1 ^ c2)

二.用copy()产生新的数据

A is B:表明二者指向的同一个对象。这意味着，如果修改一个，另一个也会去改变。

Demo1：

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

employee = pd.read_csv('data/employee.csv', index_col='RACE')

salary1 = employee['BASE_SALARY']

salary2 = employee['BASE_SALARY']

print(salary1 is salary2)

salary1 = employee['BASE_SALARY'].copy()

salary2 = employee['BASE_SALARY'].copy()

print(salary1 is salary2)

三.不等索引(索引的difference方法)

Demo1:

用difference，找到哪些索引标签在baseball_14中，却不在baseball_15、baseball_16中

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

baseball_14 = pd.read_csv('data/baseball14.csv', index_col='playerID')

baseball_15 = pd.read_csv('data/baseball15.csv', index_col='playerID')

baseball_16 = pd.read_csv('data/baseball16.csv', index_col='playerID')

print(baseball_14.index.difference(baseball_15.index))

print(baseball_14.index.difference(baseball_16.index))

四.使用fill_value避免在算术运算时产生缺失值

Demo1:

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

baseball_14 = pd.read_csv('data/baseball14.csv', index_col='playerID')

baseball_15 = pd.read_csv('data/baseball15.csv', index_col='playerID')

#H列:每名球员的击球数

hits_14 = baseball_14['H']

hits_15 = baseball_15['H']

print(hits_14.head())

print(hits_15.head())

print(hits_14.head() + hits_15.head())

下面四条数据是有记录的，但是因为不同时存在14，15两张表中，所以相加会产生NaN，需要用fill_value

Demo2:

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

baseball_14 = pd.read_csv('data/baseball14.csv', index_col='playerID')

baseball_15 = pd.read_csv('data/baseball15.csv', index_col='playerID')

baseball_16 = pd.read_csv('data/baseball16.csv', index_col='playerID')

#H列:每名球员的击球数

hits_14 = baseball_14['H']

hits_15 = baseball_15['H']

hits_16 = baseball_16['H']

print(hits_14.head().add(hits_15.head(),fill_value=0))

*如果一个元素在两个Series都是缺失值，即便使用了fill_value，相加的结果也仍是缺失值

五.从不同的DataFrame追加列

Demo:

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

employee = pd.read_csv('data/employee.csv')

d1 = employee[['DEPARTMENT', 'BASE_SALARY']]

print("排序前：")

print(d1.head())

# 在每个部门内，对BASE_SALARY进行排序

d2 = d1.sort_values(['DEPARTMENT', 'BASE_SALARY'],ascending = [True,False])

print("排序后：")

print(d2.head())

#用drop_duplicates方法保留每个部门的第一行

d3 = d2.drop_duplicates(subset = 'DEPARTMENT')

print('去重后：')

print(d3.head())

#使用DEPARTMENT作为行索引

d3 = d3.set_index('DEPARTMENT')

employee = employee.set_index('DEPARTMENT')

#向employee的DataFrame新增一列

#新增时，对应缺项的为缺失值

#存储每个Department的最高工资

employee['MAX_SALARY'] = d3['BASE_SALARY']

pd.options.display.max_columns = 3

print('合并后：')

print(employee.head())

#用query查看是否有BASE_SALARY大于MAX_DEPT_SALARY的

#输出应该为0

print('query结果：')

print(employee.query('BASE_SALARY > MAX_SALARY'))

employee[‘MAX_SALARY’] = d3[‘BASE_SALARY’]

这行语句能执行成功的条件是：d3中不含有重复索引，即执行过drop_duplicates

运行结果：

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