------GROUP BY------对GROUP BY后面的栏位的查询结果进行汇总分组，通常是结合聚合函数一起使用的
GROUP BY 有一个原则，就是 SELECT 后面的所有列中，没有使用聚合函数的列，必须出现在GROUPBY后面。
语法: SELECT "栏位1",SUM("栏位2") FROM "表名" GROUP BY "栏位1";
SELECT Store_Name,SUM(Sales) FROM Store_Info GROUP BY Store_Name ORDER BY sales desc;
------- HAVING ----用来过滤由 GROUP BY 语句返回的记录集，通常与 GROUP BY 语句联合使用
HAVING 语句的存在弥补了 WHERE 关键字不能与聚合函数联合使用的不足。如果被 SELECT 的只有函数栏，那就不需要GROUP BY子句。
语法: SELECT "栏位1",SUM("栏位2") FROM "表名" GROUP BY "栏位1" HAVING (函数条件);
SELECT Store_Name,SUM(Sales) FROM Store_Info GROUP BY Store_Name HAVING SUM(Sales) > 1500;
---- ----别名---------栏位別名 表格别名
语法: SELECT "表格别名"."栏位1" [AS] "栏位别名" FROM "表格名" [AS] "表格别名";
SELECT A.Store_Name Store,SUM(A.Sales) "Total Sales" FROM Store_Info A GROUP BY A.Store_Name;
---------子查询--------连接表格，在WHERE子句或HAVING 子句中插入另一个SQL语句
语法: SELECT "栏位1" FROM "表格1" WHERE "栏位2” [比较运算符] #外查询
(SELECT "栏位1" FROM "表格2" WHERE "条件"); #内查询
#可以是符号的运算符，例如=、>、=、<= ;也可以是文字的运算符，例如 LIKE、IN、BETWEEN
SELECT SUM(Sales) FROM Store_Info WHERE Store_Name IN
(SELECT Store_Name FROM location WHERE Region = 'West');
SELECT SUM(A.Sales) FROM Store_Info A WHERE A.Store_Name IN
(SELECT Store_Name FROM location B WHERE B.Store_Name = A.Store_Name);
SELECT Store_Name,SUM(Sales),COUNT(Sales) FROM Store_Info GROUP BY Store_Name ORDER BY Sales;
+-------------+------------+--------------+
| Store_Name | SUM(Sales) | COUNT(Sales) |
+-------------+------------+--------------+
| Houston | 250 | 1 |
| Boston | 700 | 1 |
| Los Angeles | 1800 | 2 |
+-------------+------------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
------- EXISTS ------用来测试内查询有没有产生任何结果，类似布尔值是否为真
#如果有的话，系统就会执行外查询中的SQL语句。若是没有的话，那整个SQL语句就不会产生任何结果。
语法: SELECT "栏位1" FROM "表格1" WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM "表格2" WHERE "条件");
SELECT SUM(Sales) FROM Store_Info WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM location WHERE Region = 'West');
SELECT SUM(Sales) FROM Store_Info WHERE Store_Name IN ('Los Angeles','Houston');
+------------+
| SUM(Sales) |
+------------+
| 2050 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--------------连接查询----------------
location 表格如下:
+--------+-------------+
| Region | Store_Name |
+--------+-------------+
| East | Boston |
| East | New York |
| West | Los Angeles |
| West | Houston |
+--------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
UPDATE Store_Info SET store_name='Washington' WHERE sales=300;
Store_Info 表格如下：
mysql> select * from Store_Info;
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Store_Name | Sales | Date |
+-------------+-------+------------+
| Los Angeles | 1500 | 2020-12-05 |
| Houston | 250 | 2020-12-07 |
| Washington | 300 | 2020-12-08 |
| Boston | 700 | 2020-12-08 |
+-------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
inner join(等值相连): 只返回两个表中联结字段相等的行
left join(左联接): 返回包括左表中的所有记录和右表中联结字段相等的记录
right join(右联接): 返回包括右表中的所有记录和左表中联结字段相等的记录
SELECT * FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B on A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;
SELECT * FROM location A RIGHT JOIN Store_Info B on A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;
SELECT * FROM location A,Store_Info B WHERE A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;
SELECT A.Region REGION,SUM(B.Sales) SALES FROM location A,Store_Info B WHERE A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name GROUP BY REGION;
-------------CREATE VIEW---------视图，可以被当作是虚拟表或存储查询
视图跟表格的不同是，表格中有实际储存资料，而视图是建立在表格之上的一个架构，它本身并不实际储存资料。
临时表在用户退出或同数据库的连接断开后就自动消失了，而视图不会消失。
视图不含有数据，只存储它的定义，它的用途一般可以简化复杂的查询。比如你要对几个表进行连接查询，而且还要进行统计排序等操作，写的SQL语句会很麻烦的，用视图将几个表联结起来，然后对这个视图进行查询操作，就和对一个表查询一样，很方便。
语法: CREATE VIEW "视图表名" AS "SELECT 语句";
CREATE VIEW V_REGION_SALES AS SELECT A.Region REGION,SUM(B.Sales) SALES FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B ON A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name GROUP BY REGION;
SELECT * FROM V_REGION_SALES;
DROP VIEW V_REGION_SALES; #删除视图
------------UNION-------联集，将两个SQL语句的结果合并起来，两个SQL语句所产生的栏位需要是同样的资料种类
UNION: 生成结果的资料值将没有重复，且按照字段的顺序进行排序
语法: [SELECT 语句1] UNION [SELECT 语句2];
UNION ALL: 将生成结果的资料值都列出来，无论有无重复
语法: [SELECT 语句1] UNION ALL [SELECT 语句2];
SELECT Store_Name FROM location UNION SELECT Store_Name FROM Store_Info;
SELECT Store_Name FROM location UNION ALL SELECT Store_Name FROM Store_Info;
-------------交集值------- 取两个SQL语句结果的交集
SELECT A.Store_Name FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B ON A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name;
SELECT A.Store_Name FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B USING(Store_Name);
SELECT A.Store_Name FROM
(SELECT Store_Name FROM location UNION ALL SELECT Store_Name FROM Store_Info) A
GROUP BY A.Store_Name HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
#取两个SQL语句结果的交集，且没有重复
SELECT A.Store_Name FROM (SELECT A.Store_Name FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B ON A.Store_Name = B.Store_Name) A
GROUP BY A.Store_Name HAVING COUNT(*) >= 1;
SELECT DISTINCT A.Store_Name FROM location A INNER JOIN Store_Info B USING(Store_Name); _Name);
--------------无交集值-------显示第一个SQL语句的结果，且与第二个SQL语句没有交集的结果，且没有重复
SELECT DISTINCT Store_Name FROM location WHERE (Store_Name) NOT IN (SELECT Store_Name FROM Store_Info);
SELECT DISTINCT A.Store_Name FROM location A
LEFT JOIN Store_Info B USING(Store_Name) WHERE B.Store_Name IS NULL;
----------- CASE --------是SQL用来做为 IF-THEN-ELSE 之类逻辑的关键字
语法:
SELECT CASE ("栏位名")
WHEN "条件1" THEN "结果1"
WHEN "条件2" THEN "结果2"
......
[ELSE "结果N"]
END
FROM "表名";
#"条件"可以是一个数值或是公式。ELSE 子句则并不是必须的。
SELECT Store_Name，CASE Store_Name
WHEN 'Los Angeles' THEN Sales * 2
WHEN 'Boston' THEN Sales * 1.5
ELSE Sales
END
"New Sales", Date
FROM Store_Info;
#"New sales" 是用于 CASE 那个栏位的栏位名
#创建一个新表：
CREATE TABLE Total_Sales (Name char(10),Sales int(5));
INSERT INTO Total_Sales VALUES ('zhangsan',10);
INSERT INTO Total_Sales VALUES ('lisi',15);
INSERT INTO Total_Sales VALUES ('wangwu',20);
INSERT INTO Total_Sales VALUES ('zhaoliu',40);
INSERT INTO Total_Sales VALUES ('sunqi',50);
INSERT INTO Total_Sales VALUES ('zhouba',20);
INSERT INTO Total_Sales VALUES ('wujiu',30);
Total_Sales 表格如下:
mysql> select * from Total_Sales;
+----------+-------+
| Name | Sales |
+----------+-------+
| zhangsan | 10 |
| lisi | 15 |
| wangwu | 20 |
| zhaoliu | 40 |
| sunqi | 50 |
| zhouba | 20 |
| wujiu | 30 |
+----------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-------算排名 ------表格自我连结 (self Join)，然后将结果依序列出，算出每一行之前(包含那一行本身)有多少行数
SELECT A1.Name,A1.Sales,COUNT(A2.Sales) Rank FROM Total_Sales A1,Total_Sales A2
WHERE A1.Sales < A2.Sales OR (A1.Sales=A2.Sales AND A1.Name = A2.Name)
GROUP BY A1.Name,A1.Sales ORDER BY A1.Sales DESC;
#统计sales栏位的值是比自已本身的值小的以及sales栏位和Name栏位都相同的数量，比如zhangsan为5+1=6
----------算中位数 ------------
SELECT Sales Middle FROM (SELECT A1.Name,A1.Sales,COUNT(A2.Sales) Rank FROM Total_Sales A1,Total_Sales A2
WHERE A1.Sales < A2.Sales OR (A1.Sales=A2.Sales AND A1.Name <= A2.Name)
GROUP BY A1.Name,A1.Sales ORDER BY A1.Sales DESC) A3
WHERE A3.Rank = (SELECT (COUNT(*)+1) DIV 2 FROM Total_Sales);
#每个派生表必须有自己的别名，所以别名 A3 必须要有
#DIV 是在MySQL中算出商的方式
-------- 算累积总计-------表格自我连结(Self Join)， 然后将结果依序列出，算出每一行之前(包含那一行本身)的总合
SELECT A1.Name,A1.Sales,SUM(A2.Sales) Sum_Total FROM Total_Sales A1,Total_Sales A2
WHERE A1.Sales < A2.Sales OR (A1.Sales=A2.Sales AND A1.Name = A2.Name)
GROUP BY A1.Name,A1.Sales ORDER BY A1.Sales DESC;
---------算总合百分比--------------
SELECT A1.Name,A1.Sales,A1.Sales/(SELECT SUM(Sales) FROM Total_Sales) Per_Total
FROM Total_Sales A1,Total_Sales A2
WHERE A1.Sales < A2.Sales OR (A1.Sales=A2.Sales AND A1.Name = A2.Name)
GROUP BY A1.Name,A1.Sales ORDER BY A1.Sales DESC;
#SELECT SUM(Sales) FROM Total_sales 这一段子查询是用来算出总合
#总合算出后，我们就能够将每一行一一除以总合来求出每一行的总合百分比
--------算累积总合百分比--------------
SELECT A1.Name,A1.Sales,SUM(A2.Sales)/(SELECT SUM(Sales) FROM Total_Sales) Per_Total
FROM Total_Sales A1,Total_Sales A2
WHERE A1.Sales < A2.Sales OR (A1.Sales=A2.Sales and A1.Name = A2.Name)
GROUP BY A1.Name,A1.Sales ORDER BY A1.Sales DESC;
#用累积总计SUM(a2.sales) 除以总合来求出每一行的累积总合百分比.
SELECT A1.Name,A1.sales,TRUNCATE(ROUND(SUM(A2.Sales)/(SELECT SUM(Sales) FROM Total_Sales),4)*100,2) || '%' Per_Total
FROM Total_Sales A1,Total_Sales A2
WHERE A1.Sales < A2.Sales OR (A1.Sales=A2.Sales and A1.Name = A2.Name)
GROUP BY A1.Name,A1.Sales ORDER BY A1.Sales DESC;
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
