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MySQL数据库
sql语句对于后台开发人员来说,是必不可少的,不管你是刚入职的,还是工作了一段时间,sql的离不开,同时不管是hibernate还是mybatis,特别是mybatis,sql完全由程序员开发,所以,sql的重要性不言而喻。
1.操作数据库
-- 查询数据库
show databases;
-- 创建数据库
create database newDatabase;
-- 删除数据库
drop database newDatabase;
2.操作数据表
-- 选择指定数据库
use testDB;
-- 查询当前数据库下的全部数据表
show tables;
-- 创建表
create table tb_user(
id int(11) not null auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(255) not null,
age int(11)
);
-- 创建表,存在则不会创建
create table if not exists tb_user2(
id int(11) not null auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(255) not null,
age int(11)
);
-- 使用旧表创建新表(只复制表的结构,不复制表的数据)
create table newTable like tb_user;
-- 使用旧表(部分列)创建新的表(既复制表的结构又复制表的数据)
create table newTables as select id,name,age,matching from tb_user;
-- 使用就表创建新表(全部列,既复制表的结构又复制表的数据)
create table newTable1 as select * from tb_user;
-- 查询表的结构
desc testAlter;
show columns from testAlter;
-- 将A表的查询结果插入到B表中。
insert into tb_new_user select * from tb_user;
-- 清除表中的数据
-- 注意:删除表的所有行,但表的结构、列、约束、索引等不会被删除;不能用于有外建约束引用的表
truncate table tb_new_user;
-- 删除表如果存在
drop table if exists tb_new_user2;
-- 对数据表的列进行操作
-- 对表的重命名
alter table tb_user1 rename [TO] tb_new_user1;
-- 增加列
alter table tb_user add new_column varchar(255) comment '这是新增列';
alter table tb_user add column new_column varchar(255) comment '这是新增列';
alter table tb_user add column new_column varchar(255) not null comment '这是新增的非空列';
alter table tb_user add column new_column int(11) not null default 0 comment '这是新增非空默认为0的列';
-- 删除列
alter table tb_user drop column newColumn;
alter table tb_user drop newColumn;
-- 修改列
alter table tb_user change column new_column newColumn varchar(256) not null ;
alter table tb_user change column new_column newColumn int(11) not null default 0 comment '修改列名';
3.select语句
1.普通查询
-- 查询整张表的所有列
select * from tb_user;
-- 查询指定列
select id, name from tb_user;
2.distinct
-- 使用 distinict语句 (获得不同的值)(查询结果的所有列与别的记录)
select distinct name,age from tb_user;
select distinct name from tb_user;
3.where
-- where 子句 筛选
select * from tb_user where id = 1;
4.order by
-- 按id降序
select * from tb_user order by id desc;
-- 按id升序
select * from tb_user order by id asc;
-- 多条件排序
select * from tb_user order by name,age asc;
5.and , or
-- and 子句
select * from tb_user where name = 'yanghao' and age = 21;
-- or 子句
select * from tb_user where name = 'yanghao1' or age = 21;
6.like
-- like 子句 模糊查询
select * from tb_user where name like '%hao';
select * from tb_user where name like 'yang%';
select * from tb_user where name like '%yang%';
-- % - 百分号表示零个,一个或多个字符
-- _ - 下划线表示单个字符
select * from tb_user where name like 'yanghao_';
7.between and
-- BETWEEN运算符是包含性的:包括开始和结束值。
-- between and
select * from tb_user where id between 1 and 2;
select * from tb_user where id not between 1 and 2;
8.null
-- is null ,is not null
select * from tb_user where matching is null;
select * from tb_user where matching is not null;
9.limit
-- limit
select * from tb_user limit 2;
-- 去下标为1的开始,2条。注意与between and 进行区分
select * from tb_user limit 1,2;
10.in
-- IN 运算符
select * from tb_user where id in (1,2,3);
select * from tb_user where name in ('yanghao', 'lisi');
-- 利用子查询的结果作为in的元素
SELECT
*
FROM
tb_user
WHERE
NAME IN ( SELECT NAME FROM tb_user WHERE id IN ( 2, 3 ) );
select * from tb_user;
11.case
-- switch(case) 语句
SELECT
id,
NAME,
age,
(CASE matching WHEN 0 THEN '零' WHEN 1 THEN '壹' WHEN 2 THEN '贰' end) AS number
FROM
tb_user;
12.if
select if(true,'yes','no') as status;
-- if 函数
select id,name,age,matching , if(sex = 'w','女','男') as '姓别' from tb_user;
12.group by
-- group by
select sex, count(sex) count from tb_user group by sex;
select name, count(*) count from tb_user group by name;
select name,age,count(*) count from tb_user group by name,age;
13.union
-- 并集,将多个结果连接起来
select * from tb_user where name like '%hao%'
union
select * from tb_user where age = 18;
4.insert语句
-- insert插入语句
-- (两种,一种是插入全部字段,则可以简化为如下)
insert into tb_user values(6,'zhangsan',18,1,1);
insert into tb_user (name,age,matching, newColumn) values( 'zhangsan',20,1,1);
5.update语句
-- update 更新语句
update tb_user set name = 'lisi' where id = 4;
6.delete语句
-- delete 删除语句
delete from tb_user where id = 5;
7.函数
-- 个数
select count(*) as totalCount from tb_user;
-- 总和
select sum(age) as totalAge from tb_user;
-- 平均值
select avg(age) as avgAge from tb_user;
-- 最大
select max(age) as maxAge from tb_user;
-- 最小
select min(age) as minAge from tb_user;
8.事务
create table runoob_transaction_test ( id int(5)) engine = innodb; # 创建数据库
select * from runoob_transaction_test;
begin;
insert into runoob_transaction_test (id) values (5);
insert into runoob_transaction_test (id) values (6);
commit;
select * from runoob_transaction_test;
begin;
insert into runoob_transaction_test (id) values (7);
rollback;
select * from runoob_transaction_test;
commit;
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