android 储存方案,Android 常用的状态恢复与保存方案

包含不同类型的状态保存与恢复方案

1. Activity 的状态恢复与保存方案

onSaveInstanceState() 与 onRestoreInstanceState()

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

private val S_INT_NAME: String="s_int_name"

private var intValue=10

private val S_STRING_NAME: String="s_string_name"

private var stringValue="test"

//保存状态方法

override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle?) {

if (outState != null) {

outState.putInt(S_INT_NAME,intValue)

outState.putString(S_STRING_NAME,stringValue)

}

super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)

}

//恢复状态方法

override fun onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState)

if (savedInstanceState != null) {

intValue=savedInstanceState.getInt(S_INT_NAME)

stringValue=savedInstanceState.getString(S_STRING_NAME)

}

}

}

onSaveInstanceState() 默认实现保存 Activity 中 View 的状态

onRestoreInstanceState() 相比于onCreate相比，__子类可以控制是否需要实现，该方法在初始化之后才会执行__

2. Fragment 的状态恢复与保存方案

方案一、通过 onSaveInstanceState() 与 onCreateView()

class BlankFragment : Fragment() {

private val S_NAME_INT="s_name_int"

private var intValue=10

override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle?) {

if (outState != null) {

outState.putInt(S_NAME_INT,intValue)

}

super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)

}

override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater?, container: ViewGroup?,

savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {

// Inflate the layout for this fragment

if (savedInstanceState != null) {

intValue=savedInstanceState.getInt(S_NAME_INT)

}

return inflater!!.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank, container, false)

}

}

方案二、通过 Fragment 的 Tag 属性

private val TAG_BLACK_FRAGMENT="tag_black_fragment"

private lateinit var blackFragment: BlankFragment

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener {

val intent = Intent([email protected], Main2Activity::class.java)

startActivity(intent)

}

if (savedInstanceState != null){

blackFragment= supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(TAG_BLACK_FRAGMENT) as BlankFragment

}else if(blackFragment==null){

blackFragment=BlankFragment.newInstance("param1","param2")

}

if(blackFragment.isInLayout.not()){

supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fragment_content,blackFragment,TAG_BLACK_FRAGMENT)

}

}

方案三、仅针对Fragment中只有View状态需要保存的情况

class BlankFragment : Fragment() {

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

retainInstance=true

}

}

使用该方案，使 Fragment 生命周期不受 Activity 影响

3. ListView 的状态恢复与保存方案

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

private lateinit var listView:ListView

private var mListViewState: Parcelable? = null

private val LIST_STATE="list_stat"

override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle?) {

super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)

mListViewState=listView.onSaveInstanceState()

if (outState != null) {

outState.putParcelable(LIST_STATE,mListViewState)

}

}

override fun onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState)

if (savedInstanceState != null) {

mListViewState=savedInstanceState.getParcelable(LIST_STATE)

}

}

override fun onResume() {

super.onResume()

loadData(){

if(mListViewState!=null){

listView.onRestoreInstanceState(mListViewState)

mListViewState==null

}

}

}

// 先通知Adapter数据变化，再恢复ListView状态

private fun loadData(loadDataFinish:() -> Unit) {

// listView.adapter.setData

loadDataFinish

}

}

ListView状态的保存与恢复^1

4. RecyclerView 的状态恢复与保存方案

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

private lateinit var listView: RecyclerView

private var mRecyclerViewState: Parcelable? = null

private val LIST_STATE = "list_stat"

override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle?) {

super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)

mRecyclerViewState = listView.layoutManager.onSaveInstanceState()

if (outState != null) {

outState.putParcelable(LIST_STATE, mRecyclerViewState)

}

}

override fun onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState)

if (savedInstanceState != null) {

mRecyclerViewState = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(LIST_STATE)

}

}

override fun onResume() {

super.onResume()

if (mRecyclerViewState != null) {

listView.layoutManager.onRestoreInstanceState(mRecyclerViewState)

mRecyclerViewState == null

}

}

}

RecyclerView状态的保存与恢复^2