大学计算机等级一级英语,计算机等级考试一级相关知识点(国外英语资料).doc

计算机等级考试一级相关知识点(国外英语资料)

计算机等级考试一级相关知识点

The development of computer

1., according to the computer performance and the electronic device used in hardware, the development process of the computer is divided into the following four stages:

1) first generation (1946 --1957) electron tube computer

2) transistor computers for the second generation (1958 --1964)

3) third generation (1965 --1971) integrated circuit computer

4) fourth generation (1971 to date) large-scale, VLSI computer

2. relevant knowledge

1) the first computer in the world was developed by the University of Pennsylvania in February 1946. It was named ENIAC and Chinese as an electronic numerical integral computer".

2) with the development of VLSI technology, microcomputers appeared in the early 70s. The core of microcomputers is microprocessors, which belong to the fourth generation computers. A microcomputer is usually used to mark a microcomputer.

3) the first microcomputer in the world was developed by Intel company of America in 1971, Intel4004.

Characteristics of computers

The main features of a computer:

1) fast processing.

2) the calculation accuracy is high.

3) large storage capacity.

4) high reliability.

5) automatic work.

6) a wide range of applications, versatility.

Computer applications

The application field of computer is summarized as follows:

1) scientific computing (numerical calculation).

2) information processing.

3) process control.

4) computer aided design and aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM).

Classification of computers

There are many kinds of computers and different models. They can be classified from different angles.

1) morphological classification based on processing data:

Digital computer: the processed data is binary digits, which are discontinuous numbers.

Analog computer: the processed data are continuous analog quantities.

Hybrid computer: the advantages of a digital computer and an analog computer.

2) classification according to its scope of use:

General purpose computer.

Dedicated computer.

3) usually