python迭代器两个基本方法,构建一个基本的Python迭代器

How would one create an iterative function (or iterator object) in python?

解决方案

Iterator objects in python conform to the iterator protocol, which basically means they provide two methods: __iter__() and next(). The __iter__ returns the iterator object and is implicitly called at the start of loops. The next() method returns the next value and is implicitly called at each loop increment. next() raises a StopIteration exception when there are no more value to return, which is implicitly captured by looping constructs to stop iterating.

Here's a simple example of a counter:

class Counter:

def __init__(self, low, high):

self.current = low

self.high = high

def __iter__(self):

return self

def next(self): # Python 3: def __next__(self)

if self.current > self.high:

raise StopIteration

else:

self.current += 1

return self.current - 1

for c in Counter(3, 8):

print c

This will print:

3

4

5

6

7

8

This is easier to write using a generator, as covered in a previous answer:

def counter(low, high):

current = low

while current <= high:

yield current

current += 1

for c in counter(3, 8):

print c

The printed output will be the same. Under the hood, the generator object supports the iterator protocol and does something roughly similar to the class Counter.

David Mertz's article, Iterators and Simple Generators, is a pretty good introduction.