一、JVM指令助记符
1)操作数栈
变量到操作数栈：iload,iload_,lload,lload_,fload,fload_,dload,dload_,aload,aload_
操作数栈到变量：istore,istore_,lstore,lstore_,fstore,fstore_,dstore,dstor_,astore,astore_
常数到操作数栈：bipush,sipush,ldc,ldc_w,ldc2_w,aconst_null,iconst_ml,iconst_,lconst_,fconst_,dconst_
把数据装载到操作数栈：baload,caload,saload,iaload,laload,faload,daload,aaload
从操作数栈存存储到数组：bastore,castore,sastore,iastore,lastore,fastore,dastore,aastore
操作数栈管理：pop,pop2,dup,dup2,dup_xl,dup2_xl,dup_x2,dup2_x2,swap
2)运算与转换
加：iadd,ladd,fadd,dadd
减：is ,ls ,fs ,ds
乘：imul,lmul,fmul,dmul
除：idiv,ldiv,fdiv,ddiv
余数：irem,lrem,frem,drem
取负：ineg,lneg,fneg,dneg
移位：ishl,lshr,iushr,lshl,lshr,lushr
按位或：ior,lor
按位与：iand,land
按位异或：ixor,lxor
类型转换：i2l,i2f,i2d,l2f,l2d,f2d(放宽数值转换)
i2b,i2c,i2s,l2i,f2i,f2l,d2i,d2l,d2f(缩窄数值转换)
3)条件转移
有条件转移：ifeq,iflt,ifle,ifne,ifgt,ifge,ifnull,ifnonnull,if_icmpeq,if_icmpene,
if_icmplt,if_icmpgt,if_icmple,if_icmpge,if_acmpeq,if_acmpne,lcmp,fcmpl,fcmpg,dcmpl,dcmpg
复合条件转移：tableswitch,lookupswitch
无条件转移：goto,goto_w,jsr,jsr_w,ret
4)类与数组
创建类实便：new
创建新数组：newarray,anewarray,multianwarray
访问类的域和类实例域：getfield,putfield,getstatic,putstatic
获取数组长度：arraylength
检相类实例或数组属性：instanceof,checkcast
5)调度与返回加finally
调度对象的实便方法：invokevirt l
调用由接口实现的方法：invokeinterface
调用需要特殊处理的实例方法：invokespecial
调用命名类中的静态方法：invokestatic
方法返回：ireturn,lreturn,freturn,dreturn,areturn,return
异常：athrow
finally关键字的实现使用：jsr,jsr_w,ret
二、JVM指令集
MnemonicOpcode
(in hex)Opcode (in binary)Other bytes
[count]: [operand labels]Stack
[before]→[after]Description
nop
00
0000 0000
[No change]
perform no operation
aconst_null
01
0000 0001
→ null
push a null reference onto the stack
iconst_m1
02
0000 0010
→ -1
load the int value −1 onto the stack
iconst_0
03
0000 0011
→ 0
load the int value 0 onto the stack
iconst_1
04
0000 0100
→ 1
load the int value 1 onto the stack
iconst_2
05
0000 0101
→ 2
load the int value 2 onto the stack
iconst_3
06
0000 0110
→ 3
load the int value 3 onto the stack
iconst_4
07
0000 0111
→ 4
load the int value 4 onto the stack
iconst_5
08
0000 1000
→ 5
load the int value 5 onto the stack
lconst_0
09
0000 1001
→ 0L
push 0L (the number zero with type long) onto the stack
lconst_1
0a
0000 1010
→ 1L
push 1L (the number one with type long) onto the stack
fconst_0
0b
0000 1011
→ 0.0f
push 0.0f on the stack
fconst_1
0c
0000 1100
→ 1.0f
push 1.0f on the stack
fconst_2
0d
0000 1101
→ 2.0f
push 2.0f on the stack
dconst_0
0e
0000 1110
→ 0.0
push the constant 0.0 (a double) onto the stack
dconst_1
0f
0000 1111
→ 1.0
push the constant 1.0 (a double) onto the stack
bipush
10
0001 0000
1: byte
→ value
push a byte onto the stack as an integer value
sipush
11
0001 0001
2: byte1, byte2
→ value
push a short onto the stack as an integer value
ldc
12
0001 0010
1: index
→ value
push a constant #index from a constant pool (String, int, float, Class, java.lang.invoke.MethodType, or java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle) onto the stack
ldc_w
13
0001 0011
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
→ value
push a constant #index from a constant pool (String, int, float, Class, java.lang.invoke.MethodType, or java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle) onto the stack (wide index is constructed as indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
ldc2_w
14
0001 0100
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
→ value
push a constant #index from a constant pool (double or long) onto the stack (wide index is constructed as indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
iload
15
0001 0101
1: index
→ value
load an int value from a local variable #index
lload
16
0001 0110
1: index
→ value
load a long value from a local variable #index
fload
17
0001 0111
1: index
→ value
load a float value from a local variable #index
dload
18
0001 1000
1: index
→ value
load a double value from a local variable #index
aload
19
0001 1001
1: index
→ objectref
load a reference onto the stack from a local variable #index
iload_0
1a
0001 1010
→ value
load an int value from local variable 0
iload_1
1b
0001 1011
→ value
load an int value from local variable 1
iload_2
1c
0001 1100
→ value
load an int value from local variable 2
iload_3
1d
0001 1101
→ value
load an int value from local variable 3
lload_0
1e
0001 1110
→ value
load a long value from a local variable 0
lload_1
1f
0001 1111
→ value
load a long value from a local variable 1
lload_2
20
0010 0000
→ value
load a long value from a local variable 2
lload_3
21
0010 0001
→ value
load a long value from a local variable 3
fload_0
22
0010 0010
→ value
load a float value from local variable 0
fload_1
23
0010 0011
→ value
load a float value from local variable 1
fload_2
24
0010 0100
→ value
load a float value from local variable 2
fload_3
25
0010 0101
→ value
load a float value from local variable 3
dload_0
26
0010 0110
→ value
load a double from local variable 0
dload_1
27
0010 0111
→ value
load a double from local variable 1
dload_2
28
0010 1000
→ value
load a double from local variable 2
dload_3
29
0010 1001
→ value
load a double from local variable 3
aload_0
2a
0010 1010
→ objectref
load a reference onto the stack from local variable 0
aload_1
2b
0010 1011
→ objectref
load a reference onto the stack from local variable 1
aload_2
2c
0010 1100
→ objectref
load a reference onto the stack from local variable 2
aload_3
2d
0010 1101
→ objectref
load a reference onto the stack from local variable 3
iaload
2e
0010 1110
arrayref, index → value
load an int from an array
laload
2f
0010 1111
arrayref, index → value
load a long from an array
faload
30
0011 0000
arrayref, index → value
load a float from an array
daload
31
0011 0001
arrayref, index → value
load a double from an array
aaload
32
0011 0010
arrayref, index → value
load onto the stack a reference from an array
baload
33
0011 0011
arrayref, index → value
load a byte or Boolean value from an array
caload
34
0011 0100
arrayref, index → value
load a char from an array
saload
35
0011 0101
arrayref, index → value
load short from array
istore
36
0011 0110
1: index
value →
store int value into variable #index
lstore
37
0011 0111
1: index
value →
store a long value in a local variable #index
fstore
38
0011 1000
1: index
value →
store a float value into a local variable #index
dstore
39
0011 1001
1: index
value →
store a double value into a local variable #index
astore
3a
0011 1010
1: index
objectref →
store a reference into a local variable #index
istore_0
3b
0011 1011
value →
store int value into variable 0
istore_1
3c
0011 1100
value →
store int value into variable 1
istore_2
3d
0011 1101
value →
store int value into variable 2
istore_3
3e
0011 1110
value →
store int value into variable 3
lstore_0
3f
0011 1111
value →
store a long value in a local variable 0
lstore_1
40
0100 0000
value →
store a long value in a local variable 1
lstore_2
41
0100 0001
value →
store a long value in a local variable 2
lstore_3
42
0100 0010
value →
store a long value in a local variable 3
fstore_0
43
0100 0011
value →
store a float value into local variable 0
fstore_1
44
0100 0100
value →
store a float value into local variable 1
fstore_2
45
0100 0101
value →
store a float value into local variable 2
fstore_3
46
0100 0110
value →
store a float value into local variable 3
dstore_0
47
0100 0111
value →
store a double into local variable 0
dstore_1
48
0100 1000
value →
store a double into local variable 1
dstore_2
49
0100 1001
value →
store a double into local variable 2
dstore_3
4a
0100 1010
value →
store a double into local variable 3
astore_0
4b
0100 1011
objectref →
store a reference into local variable 0
astore_1
4c
0100 1100
objectref →
store a reference into local variable 1
astore_2
4d
0100 1101
objectref →
store a reference into local variable 2
astore_3
4e
0100 1110
objectref →
store a reference into local variable 3
iastore
4f
0100 1111
arrayref, index, value →
store an int into an array
lastore
50
0101 0000
arrayref, index, value →
store a long to an array
fastore
51
0101 0001
arrayref, index, value →
store a float in an array
dastore
52
0101 0010
arrayref, index, value →
store a double into an array
aastore
53
0101 0011
arrayref, index, value →
store into a reference in an array
bastore
54
0101 0100
arrayref, index, value →
store a byte or Boolean value into an array
castore
55
0101 0101
arrayref, index, value →
store a char into an array
sastore
56
0101 0110
arrayref, index, value →
store short to array
pop
57
0101 0111
value →
discard the top value on the stack
pop2
58
0101 1000
{value2, value1} →
discard the top two values on the stack (or one value, if it is a double or long)
dup
59
0101 1001
value → value, value
duplicate the value on top of the stack
dup_x1
5a
0101 1010
value2, value1 → value1, value2, value1
insert a copy of the top value into the stack two values from the top. value1 and value2 must not be of the type double or long.
dup_x2
5b
0101 1011
value3, value2, value1 → value1, value3, value2, value1
insert a copy of the top value into the stack two (if value2 is double or long it takes up the entry of value3, too) or three values (if value2 is neither double nor long) from the top
dup2
5c
0101 1100
{value2, value1} → {value2, value1}, {value2, value1}
duplicate top two stack words (two values, if value1 is not double nor long; a single value, if value1 is double or long)
dup2_x1
5d
0101 1101
value3, {value2, value1} → {value2, value1}, value3, {value2, value1}
duplicate two words and insert beneath third word (see explanation above)
dup2_x2
5e
0101 1110
{value4, value3}, {value2, value1} → {value2, value1}, {value4, value3}, {value2, value1}
duplicate two words and insert beneath fourth word
swap
5f
0101 1111
value2, value1 → value1, value2
swaps two top words on the stack (note that value1 and value2 must not be double or long)
iadd
60
0110 0000
value1, value2 → result
add two ints
ladd
61
0110 0001
value1, value2 → result
add two longs
fadd
62
0110 0010
value1, value2 → result
add two floats
dadd
63
0110 0011
value1, value2 → result
add two doubles
isub
64
0110 0100
value1, value2 → result
int subtract
lsub
65
0110 0101
value1, value2 → result
subtract two longs
fsub
66
0110 0110
value1, value2 → result
subtract two floats
dsub
67
0110 0111
value1, value2 → result
subtract a double from another
imul
68
0110 1000
value1, value2 → result
multiply two integers
lmul
69
0110 1001
value1, value2 → result
multiply two longs
fmul
6a
0110 1010
value1, value2 → result
multiply two floats
dmul
6b
0110 1011
value1, value2 → result
multiply two doubles
idiv
6c
0110 1100
value1, value2 → result
divide two integers
ldiv
6d
0110 1101
value1, value2 → result
divide two longs
fdiv
6e
0110 1110
value1, value2 → result
divide two floats
ddiv
6f
0110 1111
value1, value2 → result
divide two doubles
irem
70
0111 0000
value1, value2 → result
logical int remainder
lrem
71
0111 0001
value1, value2 → result
remainder of division of two longs
frem
72
0111 0010
value1, value2 → result
get the remainder from a division between two floats
drem
73
0111 0011
value1, value2 → result
get the remainder from a division between two doubles
ineg
74
0111 0100
value → result
negate int
lneg
75
0111 0101
value → result
negate a long
fneg
76
0111 0110
value → result
negate a float
dneg
77
0111 0111
value → result
negate a double
ishl
78
0111 1000
value1, value2 → result
int shift left
lshl
79
0111 1001
value1, value2 → result
bitwise shift left of a long value1 by int value2 positions
ishr
7a
0111 1010
value1, value2 → result
int arithmetic shift right
lshr
7b
0111 1011
value1, value2 → result
bitwise shift right of a long value1 by int value2 positions
iushr
7c
0111 1100
value1, value2 → result
int logical shift right
lushr
7d
0111 1101
value1, value2 → result
bitwise shift right of a long value1 by int value2 positions, unsigned
iand
7e
0111 1110
value1, value2 → result
perform a bitwise AND on two integers
land
7f
0111 1111
value1, value2 → result
bitwise AND of two longs
ior
80
1000 0000
value1, value2 → result
bitwise int OR
lor
81
1000 0001
value1, value2 → result
bitwise OR of two longs
ixor
82
1000 0010
value1, value2 → result
int xor
lxor
83
1000 0011
value1, value2 → result
bitwise XOR of two longs
iinc
84
1000 0100
2: index, const
[No change]
increment local variable #index by signed byte const
i2l
85
1000 0101
value → result
convert an int into a long
i2f
86
1000 0110
value → result
convert an int into a float
i2d
87
1000 0111
value → result
convert an int into a double
l2i
88
1000 1000
value → result
convert a long to a int
l2f
89
1000 1001
value → result
convert a long to a float
l2d
8a
1000 1010
value → result
convert a long to a double
f2i
8b
1000 1011
value → result
convert a float to an int
f2l
8c
1000 1100
value → result
convert a float to a long
f2d
8d
1000 1101
value → result
convert a float to a double
d2i
8e
1000 1110
value → result
convert a double to an int
d2l
8f
1000 1111
value → result
convert a double to a long
d2f
90
1001 0000
value → result
convert a double to a float
i2b
91
1001 0001
value → result
convert an int into a byte
i2c
92
1001 0010
value → result
convert an int into a character
i2s
93
1001 0011
value → result
convert an int into a short
lcmp
94
1001 0100
value1, value2 → result
push 0 if the two longs are the same, 1 if value1 is greater than value2, -1 otherwise
fcmpl
95
1001 0101
value1, value2 → result
compare two floats
fcmpg
96
1001 0110
value1, value2 → result
compare two floats
dcmpl
97
1001 0111
value1, value2 → result
compare two doubles
dcmpg
98
1001 1000
value1, value2 → result
compare two doubles
ifeq
99
1001 1001
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value →
if value is 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
ifne
9a
1001 1010
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value →
if value is not 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
iflt
9b
1001 1011
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value →
if value is less than 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
ifge
9c
1001 1100
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value →
if value is greater than or equal to 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
ifgt
9d
1001 1101
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value →
if value is greater than 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
ifle
9e
1001 1110
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value →
if value is less than or equal to 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
if_icmpeq
9f
1001 1111
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value1, value2 →
if ints are equal, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
if_icmpne
a0
1010 0000
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value1, value2 →
if ints are not equal, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
if_icmplt
a1
1010 0001
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value1, value2 →
if value1 is less than value2, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
if_icmpge
a2
1010 0010
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value1, value2 →
if value1 is greater than or equal to value2, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
if_icmpgt
a3
1010 0011
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value1, value2 →
if value1 is greater than value2, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
if_icmple
a4
1010 0100
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value1, value2 →
if value1 is less than or equal to value2, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
if_acmpeq
a5
1010 0101
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value1, value2 →
if references are equal, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
if_acmpne
a6
1010 0110
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value1, value2 →
if references are not equal, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
goto
a7
1010 0111
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
[no change]
goes to another instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
jsr
a8
1010 1000
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
→ address
jump to subroutine at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2) and place the return address on the stack
ret
a9
1010 1001
1: index
[No change]
continue execution from address taken from a local variable #index (the asymmetry with jsr is intentional)
tableswitch
aa
1010 1010
16+: [0–3 bytes padding], defaultbyte1, defaultbyte2, defaultbyte3, defaultbyte4, lowbyte1, lowbyte2, lowbyte3, lowbyte4, highbyte1, highbyte2, highbyte3, highbyte4, jump offsets...
index →
continue execution from an address in the table at offset index
lookupswitch
ab
1010 1011
8+: <0–3 bytes padding>, defaultbyte1, defaultbyte2, defaultbyte3, defaultbyte4, npairs1, npairs2, npairs3, npairs4, match-offset pairs...
key →
a target address is looked up from a table using a key and execution continues from the instruction at that address
ireturn
ac
1010 1100
value → [empty]
return an integer from a method
lreturn
ad
1010 1101
value → [empty]
return a long value
freturn
ae
1010 1110
value → [empty]
return a float
dreturn
af
1010 1111
value → [empty]
return a double from a method
areturn
b0
1011 0000
objectref → [empty]
return a reference from a method
return
b1
1011 0001
→ [empty]
return void from method
getstatic
b2
1011 0010
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
→ value
get a static field value of a class, where the field is identified by field reference in the constant pool index (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
putstatic
b3
1011 0011
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
value →
set static field to value in a class, where the field is identified by a field reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
getfield
b4
1011 0100
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
objectref → value
get a field value of an object objectref, where the field is identified by field reference in the constant pool index (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
putfield
b5
1011 0101
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
objectref, value →
set field to value in an object objectref, where the field is identified by a field reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
invokevirtual
b6
1011 0110
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
objectref, [arg1, arg2, ...] → result
invoke virtual method on object objectref and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
invokespecial
b7
1011 0111
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
objectref, [arg1, arg2, ...] → result
invoke instance method on object objectref and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
invokestatic
b8
1011 1000
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
[arg1, arg2, ...] → result
invoke a static method and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
invokeinterface
b9
1011 1001
4: indexbyte1, indexbyte2, count, 0
objectref, [arg1, arg2, ...] → result
invokes an interface method on object objectref and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the interface method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
invokedynamic
ba
1011 1010
4: indexbyte1, indexbyte2, 0, 0
[arg1, [arg2 ...]] → result
invokes a dynamic method and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
new
bb
1011 1011
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
→ objectref
create new object of type identified by class reference in constant pool index (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
newarray
bc
1011 1100
1: atype
count → arrayref
create new array with count elements of primitive type identified by atype
anewarray
bd
1011 1101
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
count → arrayref
create a new array of references of length count and component type identified by the class reference index (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2) in the constant pool
arraylength
be
1011 1110
arrayref → length
get the length of an array
athrow
bf
1011 1111
objectref → [empty], objectref
throws an error or exception (notice that the rest of the stack is cleared, leaving only a reference to the Throwable)
checkcast
c0
1100 0000
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
objectref → objectref
checks whether an objectref is of a certain type, the class reference of which is in the constant pool at index (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
instanceof
c1
1100 0001
2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2
objectref → result
determines if an object objectref is of a given type, identified by class reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2)
monitorenter
c2
1100 0010
objectref →
enter monitor for object ("grab the lock" – start of synchronized() section)
monitorexit
c3
1100 0011
objectref →
exit monitor for object ("release the lock" – end of synchronized() section)
wide
c4
1100 0100
3/5: opcode, indexbyte1, indexbyte2
or
iinc, indexbyte1, indexbyte2, countbyte1, countbyte2
[same as for corresponding instructions]
execute opcode, where opcode is either iload, fload, aload, lload, dload, istore, fstore, astore, lstore, dstore, or ret, but assume the index is 16 bit; or execute iinc, where the index is 16 bits and the constant to increment by is a signed 16 bit short
multianewarray
c5
1100 0101
3: indexbyte1, indexbyte2, dimensions
count1, [count2,...] → arrayref
create a new array of dimensions dimensions of type identified by class reference in constant pool index (indexbyte1 << 8 + indexbyte2); the sizes of each dimension is identified by count1, [count2, etc.]
ifnull
c6
1100 0110
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value →
if value is null, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
ifnonnull
c7
1100 0111
2: branchbyte1, branchbyte2
value →
if value is not null, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 + branchbyte2)
goto_w
c8
1100 1000
4: branchbyte1, branchbyte2, branchbyte3, branchbyte4
[no change]
goes to another instruction at branchoffset (signed int constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 24 + branchbyte2 << 16 + branchbyte3 << 8 + branchbyte4)
jsr_w
c9
1100 1001
4: branchbyte1, branchbyte2, branchbyte3, branchbyte4
→ address
jump to subroutine at branchoffset (signed int constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 24 + branchbyte2 << 16 + branchbyte3 << 8 + branchbyte4) and place the return address on the stack
breakpoint
ca
1100 1010
reserved for breakpoints in Java debuggers; should not appear in any class file
(no name)
cb-fd
these values are currently unassigned for opcodes and are reserved for future use
impdep1
fe
1111 1110
reserved for implementation-dependent operations within debuggers; should not appear in any class file
impdep2
ff
1111 1111
reserved for implementation-dependent operations within debuggers; should not appear in any class file
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