mysql触发器实验小结_MySQL小结(八)触发器

对某个表进行增/删/改操作的前后如果希望触发某个特定的行为时，可以使用触发器，触发器用于定制用户对表的行进行增/删/改前后的行为。

创建触发器语法

#插入前

CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_insert_tb1 BEFORE INSERT ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

...

END

#插入后

CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_insert_tb1 AFTER INSERT ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

...

END

#删除前

CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_delete_tb1 BEFORE DELETE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

...

END

#删除后

CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_delete_tb1 AFTER DELETE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

...

END

#更新前

CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_update_tb1 BEFORE UPDATE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

...

END

#更新后

CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_update_tb1 AFTER UPDATE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

...

END

触发器实例

创建一个user_info表和user_info_back表，里面有UID,Name,Password,E-mail列；

CREATE TABLE `user_info` (

`UID` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`Name` char(15) NOT NULL,

`Password` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,

`Email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`UID`,`Name`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `user_info_back` (

`UID` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`Name` char(15) NOT NULL,

`Password` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,

`Email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`UID`,`Name`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

创建一个插入前的触发器

触发器的作用就是在往user_info表中插入数据之前进入tri_before_insert_tb1触发器，执行里面的操作

delimiter %

CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_insert_tb1 BEFORE INSERT ON user_info FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

-- 如果插入时的Name="as"

IF NEW.Name = "admin" THEN

-- 那么就把这条数据先插入user_info_back表中，数据相同

INSERT INTO user_info_back(Name,Password,Email) VALUES(NEW.Name,NEW.Password,NEW.Email);

END IF;

END%

delimiter ;

使用触发器

触发器无法由用户直接调用，而知由于对表的增/删/改操作被动引发的。往user_info表中插入两条数据

INSERT INTO user_info(Name,Password,Email) VALUES("admin","admin","admin@admin.me"),("root","r","root@admin.me");

查看表中的数据

mysql> select * from user_info;

+-----+---------+----------+--------------------+

| UID | Name | Password | Email |

+-----+---------+----------+--------------------+

| 1 | admin | admin | admin@361way.com |

| 2 | root | r | root@361way.com |

+-----+---------+----------+--------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user_info_back;

+-----+---------+----------+--------------------+

| UID | Name | Password | Email |

+-----+---------+----------+--------------------+

| 1 | admin | admin | admin@361way.com |

+-----+---------+----------+--------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

删除触发器

DROP TRIGGER tri_after_insert_tb1;

NEW表示即将插入的数据行，OLD表示即将删除的数据行，对于INSERT语句,只有NEW是合法的，对于DELETE语句，只有OLD才合法，而UPDATE语句可以在和NEW以及OLD同时使用。