java 泛型 工厂,如何用Java中的泛型实现工厂模式？

I have a generic interface Handler

public interface Handler {

void handle(T obj);

}

I can have n implementations of this interface. Let's say I have following 2 implementations for now. One which handles String objects and another handles Date

public class StringHandler implements Handler {

@Override

public void handle(String str) {

System.out.println(str);

}

}

public class DateHandler implements Handler {

@Override

public void handle(Date date) {

System.out.println(date);

}

}

I want to write a factory which will return handler instances based on the class type. Something like this :

class HandlerFactory {

public Handler getHandler(Class clazz) {

if (clazz == String.class) return new StringHandler();

if (clazz == Date.class) return new DateHandler();

}

}

I get following error in this factory :

Type mismatch: cannot convert from StringHandler to Handler

How to fix this?

解决方案

SIMPLE SOLUTION

You could save your mappings Class -> Handler in a Map. Something like:

Map, Handler> registry = new HashMap<>();

public void registerHandler(Class dataType, Class extends Handler> handlerType) {

registry.put(dataType, handlerType);

}

public Handler getHandler(Class clazz) {

return registry.get(clazz).newInstance();

}

In some place, initialize handlers (could be in the factory itself):

factory.registerHandler(String.class, StringHandler.class);

factory.registerHandler(Date.class, DateHandler.class);

And in another place, you create and use them:

Handler stringhandler = factory.getHandler(String.class);

Handler dateHandler = factory.getHandler(Date.class);

MORE COMPLEX SOLUTION

You can "scan" classes using reflection and, instead of register manually the mappings Class -> Handler, do it using reflection.

for (Class extends Handler> handlerType : getHandlerClasses()) {

Type[] implementedInterfaces = handlerType.getGenericInterfaces();

ParameterizedType eventHandlerInterface = (ParameterizedType) implementedInterfaces[0];

Type[] types = eventHandlerInterface.getActualTypeArguments();

Class dataType = (Class) types[0]; //

factory.registerHandler(dataType, handlerType);

}

Then, you create and use them like above:

Handler stringhandler = factory.getHandler(String.class);

Handler dateHandler = factory.getHandler(Date.class);

To implement getHandlerClasses(), look at this to scan all classes in your jar. For each class, you have to check if it is a Handler:

if (Handler.class.isAssignableFrom(scanningClazz) //implements Handler

&& scanningClazz.getName() != Handler.class.getName()) //it is not Handler.class itself

{

//is a handler!

}

Hope it helps!