mysql排序规则_MySQL表排序规则不同错误

MySQL多表join时报错如下：[Err]1267 – Illegal mix of collations(utf8_general_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8_unicode_ci,IMPLICIT) for operation ‘=

就是说两个表的排序规则(COLLATION)不同，无法完成比较。COLLATION是用在排序，大小比较上，一个字符集有一个或多种COLLATION，并且以_ci(大小写不敏感)、_cs(大小写敏感)或_bin(二进制)结束。在做比较时，应该确保两个表的字符排序相同。一般建表的时候不指定，可以走默认的，全是默认的就没什么问题了。

下面来模拟一下各种场景，表结构如下(utf8默认排序规则为utf8_general_ci)：

mysql> show create table test.cs\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Table: cs

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `cs` (

`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

mysql>showcreatetabletest.cs\G

***************************1.row***************************

Table:cs

CreateTable:CREATETABLE`cs`(

`id`int(11)DEFAULTNULL,

`name`varchar(10)DEFAULTNULL

)ENGINE=InnoDBDEFAULTCHARSET=utf8

1rowinset(0.01sec)

查看表默认排序规则集

mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATION from information_schema.tables where table_name='cs';

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | TABLE_COLLATION |

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

| test | cs | utf8_general_ci |

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

mysql>selectTABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATIONfrominformation_schema.tableswheretable_name='cs';

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

|TABLE_SCHEMA|TABLE_NAME|TABLE_COLLATION|

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

|test|cs|utf8_general_ci|

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

1rowinset(0.00sec)

查看列排序规则集

mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='cs';

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | COLLATION_NAME |

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

| test | cs | id | NULL |

| test | cs | name | utf8_general_ci |

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

mysql>selectTABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAMEfrominformation_schema.COLUMNSwhereTABLE_NAME='cs';

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

|TABLE_SCHEMA|TABLE_NAME|COLUMN_NAME|COLLATION_NAME|

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

|test|cs|id|NULL|

|test|cs|name|utf8_general_ci|

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

2rowsinset(0.00sec)

从utf8升级为utf8mb4是不支持online ddl的，如下：

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4,ALGORITHM=INPLACE,LOCK=NONE;

ERROR 1846 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not supported. Reason: Cannot change column type INPLACE. Try ALGORITHM=COPY.

1

2

mysql>ALTERTABLEcsCONVERTTOCHARACTERSETutf8mb4,ALGORITHM=INPLACE,LOCK=NONE;

ERROR1846(0A000):ALGORITHM=INPLACEisnotsupported.Reason:CannotchangecolumntypeINPLACE.TryALGORITHM=COPY.

从utf8.utf8_general_ci变更为utf8.utf8_unicode_ci是不支持online ddl的，如下：

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci,ALGORITHM=INPLACE,LOCK=NONE;

ERROR 1846 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not supported. Reason: Cannot change column type INPLACE. Try ALGORITHM=COPY.

1

2

mysql>ALTERTABLEcsCONVERTTOCHARACTERSETutf8collateutf8_unicode_ci,ALGORITHM=INPLACE,LOCK=NONE;

ERROR1846(0A000):ALGORITHM=INPLACEisnotsupported.Reason:CannotchangecolumntypeINPLACE.TryALGORITHM=COPY.

如果使用下面这种方式修改字符集，你会发现，只更改了表级的，没有更改列级的。

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs CHARACTER SET utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATION from information_schema.tables where table_name='cs';

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | TABLE_COLLATION |

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

| test | cs | utf8_unicode_ci |

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='cs';

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | COLLATION_NAME |

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

| test | cs | id | NULL |

| test | cs | name | utf8_general_ci |

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

mysql>ALTERTABLEcsCHARACTERSETutf8collateutf8_unicode_ci;

QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.01sec)

Records:0Duplicates:0Warnings:0

mysql>selectTABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATIONfrominformation_schema.tableswheretable_name='cs';

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

|TABLE_SCHEMA|TABLE_NAME|TABLE_COLLATION|

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

|test|cs|utf8_unicode_ci|

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

1rowinset(0.00sec)

mysql>selectTABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAMEfrominformation_schema.COLUMNSwhereTABLE_NAME='cs';

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

|TABLE_SCHEMA|TABLE_NAME|COLUMN_NAME|COLLATION_NAME|

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

|test|cs|id|NULL|

|test|cs|name|utf8_general_ci|

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

2rowsinset(0.00sec)

所以真正改字符集的时候别忘了加上CONVERT TO，如下：

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci;

Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.06 sec)

Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='cs';

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | COLLATION_NAME |

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

| test | cs | id | NULL |

| test | cs | name | utf8_unicode_ci |

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

mysql>ALTERTABLEcsCONVERTTOCHARACTERSETutf8collateutf8_unicode_ci;

QueryOK,5rowsaffected(0.06sec)

Records:5Duplicates:0Warnings:0

mysql>selectTABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAMEfrominformation_schema.COLUMNSwhereTABLE_NAME='cs';

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

|TABLE_SCHEMA|TABLE_NAME|COLUMN_NAME|COLLATION_NAME|

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

|test|cs|id|NULL|

|test|cs|name|utf8_unicode_ci|

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

2rowsinset(0.00sec)

要仅仅改变一个表的默认字符集，应使用此语句：

mysql> ALTER TABLE cs default CHARACTER SET utf8 collate utf8_general_ci,ALGORITHM=INPLACE,LOCK=NONE;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATION from information_schema.tables where table_name='cs';

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | TABLE_COLLATION |

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

| test | cs | utf8_general_ci |

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME='cs';

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

| TABLE_SCHEMA | TABLE_NAME | COLUMN_NAME | COLLATION_NAME |

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

| test | cs | id | NULL |

| test | cs | name | utf8_unicode_ci |

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

mysql>ALTERTABLEcsdefaultCHARACTERSETutf8collateutf8_general_ci,ALGORITHM=INPLACE,LOCK=NONE;

QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.00sec)

Records:0Duplicates:0Warnings:0

mysql>selectTABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,TABLE_COLLATIONfrominformation_schema.tableswheretable_name='cs';

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

|TABLE_SCHEMA|TABLE_NAME|TABLE_COLLATION|

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

|test|cs|utf8_general_ci|

+--------------+------------+-----------------+

1rowinset(0.00sec)

mysql>selectTABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,COLLATION_NAMEfrominformation_schema.COLUMNSwhereTABLE_NAME='cs';

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

|TABLE_SCHEMA|TABLE_NAME|COLUMN_NAME|COLLATION_NAME|

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

|test|cs|id|NULL|

|test|cs|name|utf8_unicode_ci|

+--------------+------------+-------------+-----------------+

2rowsinset(0.00sec)

可以发现列字符集没有改变，并且只有新的列才会默认继承表的字符集(utf8.utf8_general_ci)。

如果您觉得本站对你有帮助，那么可以支付宝扫码捐助以帮助本站更好地发展，在此谢过。