因为需要将一张上亿我们要记录的表修改为分区表,所以尝试使用联机重定义来给表增加新列与分区的方法来实现,下面是一个测试的例子,操作系统是Oracle Linux 7.1,数据库为12.2.0.1,原始表为emp_redef,该表存储在hr方案中:
SQL> desc hr.emp_redef
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
------------- ------------ -------- ------- --------
EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20) Y
LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(25)
JOB_ID VARCHAR2(10)
DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(4) Y
表emp_redef将按以下规则来进行联机重定义:
.增加新列mgr,hiredate,sal与bonus
.新列bonus被初始化为0
.列department_id的值由10开始增加
.表将被重定义为范围分区表,分区键为employee_id。
联机重定义操作如下:
1.用要执行联机重定义操作的用户登录数据库
SQL> conn pm/pm@jypdb
Connected.
2.验证表emp_redef是否可以执行联机重定义。在这种情况下,可以使用主键或伪主键来来进行验证。
SQL> exec dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table(uname=>'HR',tname=>'EMP_REDEF',options_flag=>dbms_redefinition.cons_use_pk);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
3.创建一个中间表hr.int_emp_redef
SQL> create table hr.int_emp_redef
2 (
3 employee_id NUMBER(6) not null,
4 first_name VARCHAR2(20),
5 last_name VARCHAR2(25) not null,
6 job_id VARCHAR2(10) not null,
7 department_id NUMBER(4) not null,
8 mgr NUMBER(5),
9 hiredate DATE DEFAULT(sysdate),
10 sal NUMBER(7,2),
11 bonus NUMBER(7,2) DEFAULT(0)
12 )
13 partition by range(employee_id)
14 (
15 partition emp200 values less than(200) tablespace users,
16 partition emp400 values less than(400) tablespace users
17 );
Table created
4.开始重定义操作
SQL> begin
2 dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table(
3 uname => 'hr',
4 orig_table => 'emp_redef',
5 int_table => 'int_emp_redef',
6 col_mapping => 'employee_id employee_id, first_name first_name,last_name last_name, job_id job_id, department_id+10 department_id,0 bonus',
7 options_flag => DBMS_REDEFINITION.CONS_USE_PK);
8 end;
9 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
5.复制依赖对象(自动对表hr.int_emp_redef创建任何触发器,索引,物化视图日志,授权与约束)
SQL> declare
2 num_errors pls_integer;
3 begin
4 dbms_redefinition.copy_table_dependents(
5 uname => 'hr',
6 orig_table => 'emp_redef',
7 int_table => 'int_emp_redef',
8 copy_indexes => DBMS_REDEFINITION.CONS_ORIG_PARAMS,
9 copy_triggers => TRUE,
10 copy_constraints => TRUE,
11 copy_privileges => TRUE,
12 ignore_errors => TRUE,
13 num_errors => num_errors);
14 end;
15 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
注意,在调用这个过程时ignore_errors参数需要设置为TRUE。原因是中间表创建了主键约束,并且当执行copye_table_dependents过程来试图从原始表复制主键约束与索引时会发生错误。可以忽略这些错误,但必须执行下一步操作中的查询来查看是否还存在其它错误。
6.查询dba_redefinition_errors视图来查看错误信息
SQL> set long 8000
SQL> set pages 8000
SQL> column object_name heading 'object name' format a20
SQL> column base_table_name heading 'base table name' format a10
SQL> column ddl_txt heading 'ddl that caused error' format a40
SQL> select object_name, base_table_name, ddl_txt from dba_redefinition_errors;
object name base table ddl that caused error
-------------------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
SYS_C0023200 EMP_REDEF ALTER TABLE "HR"."INT_EMP_REDEF" MODIFY
("LAST_NAME" CONSTRAINT "TMP$$_SYS_C0023
2000" NOT NULL ENABLE NOVALIDATE)
SYS_C0023201 EMP_REDEF ALTER TABLE "HR"."INT_EMP_REDEF" MODIFY
("JOB_ID" CONSTRAINT "TMP$$_SYS_C0023201
0" NOT NULL ENABLE NOVALIDATE)
2 rows selected.
上面的错误信息是说中间表的last_name与job_id列为not null,而原因表为null,这种错误可以忽略。
7.同步中间表hr.int_emp_redef
SQL> begin
2 dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table(
3 uname => 'hr',
4 orig_table => 'emp_redef',
5 int_table => 'int_emp_redef');
6 end;
7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
8.完成重定义操作
SQL> begin
2 dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table(
3 uname => 'hr',
4 orig_table => 'emp_redef',
5 int_table => 'int_emp_redef');
6 end;
7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
表hr.emp_redef只会以排他模式被锁定很短的时间来结束重定义操作。在操作完成后,表hr.emp_redef将使用hr.int_emp_redef表的所有属性来重定义。
SQL> desc hr.emp_redef
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
------------- ------------ -------- --------- --------
EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER(6)
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20) Y
LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(25)
JOB_ID VARCHAR2(10)
DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(4)
MGR NUMBER(5) Y
HIREDATE DATE Y (sysdate)
SAL NUMBER(7,2) Y
BONUS NUMBER(7,2) Y (0)
SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl(object_type =>'TABLE',name =>'EMP_REDEF',schema => 'HR') from dual;
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL(OBJECT_TYPE=>'TABLE',NAME=>'EMP_REDEF',SCHEMA=>'HR')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CREATE TABLE "HR"."EMP_REDEF"
( "EMPLOYEE_ID" NUMBER(6,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"FIRST_NAME" VARCHAR2(20),
"LAST_NAME" VARCHAR2(25) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"JOB_ID" VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"DEPARTMENT_ID" NUMBER(4,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"MGR" NUMBER(5,0),
"HIREDATE" DATE DEFAULT (sysdate),
"SAL" NUMBER(7,2),
"BONUS" NUMBER(7,2) DEFAULT (0),
CONSTRAINT "EMP_REDEF_EMP_ID_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPLOYEE_ID")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE(
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS"
PARTITION BY RANGE ("EMPLOYEE_ID")
(PARTITION "EMP200" VALUES LESS THAN (200) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" ,
PARTITION "EMP400" VALUES LESS THAN (400) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "USERS" )
1 row selected.
可以看到表hr.emp_redef已经成功能联机重定义
9.等任何查询中间表的语句执行完成后将其删除,而且中间表在重定义后其结构就变成了原始表的表结构
SQL> desc hr.int_emp_redef
Name Type Nullable Default Comments
------------- ------------ -------- ------- --------
EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER(6) Y
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20) Y
LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(25)
JOB_ID VARCHAR2(10)
DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(4) Y
SQL> drop table hr.int_emp_redef purge;
Table dropped
到此,联机重定义表hr.emp_redef就操作完成。