python中的replaceall_java基础 — String中replace和replaceAll方法

replace各个方法的定义

一、replaceFirst方法

public String replaceFirst(String regex, String replacement) {

return Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceFirst(replacement);

}

二、replace方法

public String replace(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement) {

return Pattern.compile(target.toString(), Pattern.LITERAL).matcher(this).replaceAll(Matcher.quoteReplacement(replacement.toString()));

}

三、replaceAll方法

public String replaceAll(String regex, String replacement) {

return Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(this).replaceAll(replacement);

}

replace各个方法的原理

我们通过以下的例子来分析他们的原理。

@Test

public void stringReplace() {

replaceFirst("year = 1929. month=07, day=29, other=\\d{2}");

}

public void replaceFirst(String string) {

System.out.println(string.replaceFirst("\\d{2}", "--"));

System.out.println(string.replace("\\d{2}", "--"));

System.out.println(string.replace("29", "--"));

System.out.println(string.replaceAll("\\d{2}", "--"));

}

// year = --29. month=07, day=29, other=\d{2}

// year = 1929. month=07, day=29, other=--

// year = 19--. month=07, day=--, other=\d{2}

// year = ----. month=--, day=--, other=\d{2}

一、首先我们分析一下replaceFirst与replaceAll方法，他们的区别在于Pattern构建之后Matcher调用的方法不同。一个是reaplceFirst、一个是replaceAll方法。这两个方法现在可以分析一下。

1、首先对于Matcher的replceFirst方法：可以看到只调用一下的appendReplacement和appendTail方法。关于appendReplacement方法后面可以贴出源码，实现比较复杂

public String replaceFirst(String replacement) {

if (replacement == null)

throw new NullPointerException("replacement");

reset();

if (!find())

return text.toString();

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

appendReplacement(sb, replacement);

appendTail(sb);

return sb.toString();

}

2、对于Matcher的replceAll方法，和上述的replaceFirst方法类似。只不过是多次调用了appendReplacement的替换函数。直到没有匹配为止

public String replaceAll(String replacement) {

reset();

boolean result = find();

if (result) {

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

do {

appendReplacement(sb, replacement);

result = find();

} while (result);

appendTail(sb);

return sb.toString();

}

return text.toString();

}

二、对于replace方法，和上述的replaceAll方法主要有以下两种区别。

1、在Pattern.compile时，添加了Pattern.LITERAL的flag，表示pattern会把regex当作纯文本来处理了。比如\d{2}不转义成两个0-9的数字，而是当作纯文本\d{2}看待。

2、在调用MatcherMatcher.quoteReplacement(replacement.toString())方法对replacement做了对特殊符号($和)作去除转义的操作。

public static String quoteReplacement(String s) {

if ((s.indexOf('\\') == -1) && (s.indexOf('$') == -1))

return s;

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

for (int i=0; i

char c = s.charAt(i);

if (c == '\\' || c == '$') {

sb.append('\\');

}

sb.append(c);

}

return sb.toString();

但是为何只对\和$做处理呢？

三、以下是我们的重点appendReplacement方法

1 public Matcher appendReplacement(StringBuffer sb, String replacement) {

2

3 // If no match, return error

4 if (first < 0)

5 throw new IllegalStateException("No match available");

6

7 // Process substitution string to replace group references with groups

8 int cursor = 0;

9 StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();

10

11 while (cursor < replacement.length()) {

12 char nextChar = replacement.charAt(cursor);

13 if (nextChar == '\\') {

14 cursor++;

15 if (cursor == replacement.length())

16 throw new IllegalArgumentException("character to be escaped is missing");

17 nextChar = replacement.charAt(cursor);

18 result.append(nextChar);

19 cursor++;

20 } else if (nextChar == '$') {

21 // Skip past $

22 cursor++;

23 // Throw IAE if this "$" is the last character in replacement

24 if (cursor == replacement.length())

25 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal group reference: group index is missing");

26 nextChar = replacement.charAt(cursor);

27 int refNum = -1;

28 if (nextChar == '{') {

29 cursor++;

30 StringBuilder gsb = new StringBuilder();

31 while (cursor < replacement.length()) {

32 nextChar = replacement.charAt(cursor);

33 if (ASCII.isLower(nextChar) ||

34 ASCII.isUpper(nextChar) ||

35 ASCII.isDigit(nextChar)) {

36 gsb.append(nextChar);

37 cursor++;

38 } else {

39 break;

40 }

41 }

42 if (gsb.length() == 0)

43 throw new IllegalArgumentException("named capturing group has 0 length name");

44 if (nextChar != '}')

45 throw new IllegalArgumentException("named capturing group is missing trailing '}'");

46 String gname = gsb.toString();

47 if (ASCII.isDigit(gname.charAt(0)))

48 throw new IllegalArgumentException("capturing group name {" + gname + "} starts with digit character");

49 if (!parentPattern.namedGroups().containsKey(gname))

50 throw new IllegalArgumentException("No group with name {" + gname + "}");

51 refNum = parentPattern.namedGroups().get(gname);

52 cursor++;

53 } else {

54 // The first number is always a group

55 refNum = (int)nextChar - '0';

56 if ((refNum < 0)||(refNum > 9))

57 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal group reference");

58 cursor++;

59 // Capture the largest legal group string

60 boolean done = false;

61 while (!done) {

62 if (cursor >= replacement.length()) {

63 break;

64 }

65 int nextDigit = replacement.charAt(cursor) - '0';

66 if ((nextDigit < 0)||(nextDigit > 9)) { // not a number

67 break;

68 }

69 int newRefNum = (refNum * 10) + nextDigit;

70 if (groupCount() < newRefNum) {

71 done = true;

72 } else {

73 refNum = newRefNum;

74 cursor++;

75 }

76 }

77 }

78 // Append group

79 if (start(refNum) != -1 && end(refNum) != -1)

80 result.append(text, start(refNum), end(refNum));

81 } else {

82 result.append(nextChar);

83 cursor++;

84 }

85 }

86 // Append the intervening text

87 sb.append(text, lastAppendPosition, first);

88 // Append the match substitution

89 sb.append(result);

90

91 lastAppendPosition = last;

92 return this;

93 }

四、以下是appendTail的代码

public StringBuffer appendTail(StringBuffer sb) {

sb.append(text, lastAppendPosition, getTextLength());

return sb;

}