分别介绍golang及Python格式化接口返回JSON数据的方法,及Python json.dumps
方法出现NameError: name 'true' is not defined
原因解析及解决方案介绍。
格式化JSON字符串
我们经常会遇到接口返回的字符串类型的JSON数据,在其中查找数据的时候很不方便,所以一般会选择将他们格式化,在python中我们通常会使用json.dumps
方法来格式化数据,其实golang中也有类似的方法--json.Indent
,我们一起来看实例。
{"args": {},"headers": {"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8","Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate","Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9","Connection": "close","Host": "httpbin.org","Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36"},"origin": "103.*.*.*","url": "http://httpbin.org/get"}
Golang实现
package main
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
data := `{"args": {},"headers": {"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8","Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate","Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9","Connection": "close","Host": "httpbin.org","Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36"},"origin": "103.*.*.*","url": "http://httpbin.org/get"}`
var str bytes.Buffer
_ = json.Indent(&str, []byte(data), "", " ")
fmt.Println("formated: ", str.String())
fmt.Println("data: ", data)
}
实际效果
python实现
参考代码
import json
data = '{"args": {},"headers": {"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8","Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate","Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9","Connection": "close","Host": "httpbin.org","Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36"},"origin": "103.*.*.*","url": "http://httpbin.org/get"}'
print(json.dumps(eval(data), indent=4))
局限
其实上面的的Python实现有一定的局限性,因为在Python当中是不存在true/false/null
这样的标准json参数的,取而代之的是True/ False/None
,这就回导致一个问题,如果接口返回的数据中含有true/false/null
,直接使用eval
进行转化会出现比如:NameError: name 'true' is not defined
这样的错误,那么怎么解决呢?
其实答案就是前面的藐视中:true/false/null
是标准的JSON格式,那么我们便先把数据转化为JSON,再进行格式化即可:
json.dumps(json.loads(data), indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
解释:ensure_ascii会保留中文而非转化为Unicode码,即\uxxxx
形式
当然,如果大家使用的是requests库,接口返回的数据中已经携带了,可以直接调用其已经为返回结果(Response类)封装好的的json()方法:
import requests
import json
resp = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get")
print(json.dumps(resp.json(), indent=4))
其实它最后也是调用的json.loads():
总结
- JSON格式化,ensure_ascii
- resp.json()