springboot web开发【转】【补】

pom.xml引入webjars的官网

https://www.webjars.org/

https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/tutorials/3.0/usingthymeleaf.html

静态资源映射规则

静态资源就是不经过servlet 或者说不通过controller绕业务代码 中的文件。

静态资源自动配置类 WebMvcAuotConfiguration.java

 

@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
        logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
        return;
    }
    Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
        //jar包中静态资源文件夹映射
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                        .addResourceLocations(
                                "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }
    String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
      //静态资源文件夹映射
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
        customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                        .addResourceLocations(
                                this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }
}

 

静态资源目录

在springboot默认的静态资源目录有

  • "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", (推荐)
  • "classpath:/resources/",   (不推荐使用)
  • "classpath:/static/", (推荐)
  • "classpath:/public/"
  • "/":当前项目的根路径

所以当访问以上5个目录中的文件时,都会直接获取,比如访问 http://localhost:8080/springbootdemo/abc.html , 另外静态资源目录下的index.html和favicon.ico也是默认静态文件可直接访问。

 

webjars静态资源目录

除了以上5个目录, 还有一个特殊的目录 "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"  , 用于访问jar包的方式引入静态资源 。

比如我们想访问jquery-3.3.1.jar中的jquery.js那么使用以下两个路径都可以直接访问到,

http://localhost:8080/springbootdemo/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js 

http://localhost:8080/springbootdemo/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js

至于为什么不是.../jquery.js/jquery.min.js的形式访问目前暂不研究。

 

 引静态jar
<dependency>
    <!-- 前端jquery包 -->
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <!-- 前端bootstrap包 -->
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.0</version>
</dependency>

 

静态资源属性配置类 ResourceProperties.java

可以设置静态资源目录, 静态资源缓存时间等等

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
  //可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等

在application.properties中对应配置如下, 我自己项目暂未启用,位于application-static-cache.properties中

#配置静态资源映射
spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/static/**

#也可以自己指定静态资源, 这会使默认的静态资源失效
spring.resources.static-locations=classpath:/mystatic,classpath:/yourstatic

# 资源缓存时间,单位秒,30天
spring.resources.cache-period=2592000 

# 开启gzip压缩
spring.resources.chain.gzipped=true 

# 启用缓存
spring.resources.chain.cache=true

# Enable the Spring Resource Handling chain. Disabled by default unless at least one strategy has been enabled.
spring.resources.chain.enabled=true

# 开启版本控制策略,默认为false
spring.resources.chain.strategy.content.enabled=true

# 指定要应用的版本的路径,多个以逗号分隔,默认为:[/**]
spring.resources.chain.strategy.content.paths=/**

# 设定Session的追踪模式(cookie, url, ssl)
server.session.tracking-modes=cookie

 

 

 

thymeleaf模板

https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/tutorials/3.0/usingthymeleaf.html

1、引入thymeleaf依赖

<!-- 切换thymeleaf版本 -->
<properties>
        <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3适配layout2以上版本 , thymeleaf2 适配 layout1版本 -->
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

 

2、Thymeleaf使用

配置属性类
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
​
    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
​
    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
​
    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
​
    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
    ...

 

 

日期格式化配置 

日期格式化配置的地方有很

请求时--仅当前Controller接收指定格式的日期字符串

@RequestMapping("/MyMybatisController")
@Controller
public class MyMybatisController {
    /**
     * web数据绑定器,在获取到数据前,做一些预处理,仅对当前Controller有效。
     *
     * @param binder
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @InitBinder
    public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) throws Exception {
        //允许Long类型为空
        binder.registerCustomEditor(Long.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Long.class, true));
        //设置接收的日期,把默认的yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss格式改成yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
        binder.registerCustomEditor(java.util.Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), true));
    }

}

 

请求时--application.properties统一配置接收指定日期格式字符串

对所有Controller都有效

spring.mvc.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

 

返回时--所有@ResponseBody返回时格式化Date类型成字符串

@Configuration//指明当前类是一个配置类;就是来替代之前的Spring配置文件
public class MyConfiguration {
    /**
     * 对@ResponseBody返回的Object类中的各对象对特殊处理
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public ObjectMapper getObjectMapper() {
        //返回时把日期从默认的long类似必成yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss返回
        return new ObjectMapper().setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss"));
    }
}

 

返回时--thymeleaf中格式化Date类型成字符串

<td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth,'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') }"></td>

 

 

1. Spring MVC auto-configuration  (了解不够)

Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC

以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.

    • 自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))

    • ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;

    • 如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;

  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars

  • Static index.html support. 静态首页访问

  • Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico

     

  • 自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.

    • Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter

    • Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;

        @Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}

自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可

  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).

    • HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User---Json;

    • HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;

      自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)

       

  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则

  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

    我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)

    初始化WebDataBinder;
    请求数据=====JavaBean;

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;

If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.

 

 

扩展SpringMVC(了解不够)

比如我们需要扩展SpringMVC中的视图跳转功能

    <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
            <bean></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

在SpringBoot中只需编写一个配置类(@Configuration)继承 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类

2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

    @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
      private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();

     //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
      @Autowired(required = false)
      public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
          if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
              this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
                //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用;  
                @Override
             // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
              //    for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
               //       delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
               //   }
              }
          }
    }

3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;

4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;

效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;

 

3、全面接管SpringMVC

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了

我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
}

这会让SpringBoot的WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java中各种自动配置Bean无效,在控制台也也就再打印如HiddenHttpMethodFilter等信息 , 且静态资源目录也失效,极不推荐做全面 接管。

public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "";

    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = "";

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class)
    public OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter() {
        return new OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter();
    }
........

 

 

原理:

为什么@EnableWebMvc后SpringBoot的自动配置就失效了;

1)@EnableWebMvc

导入了DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration 类

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {

 

2)、DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration 

继承了WebMvcConfigurationSupport 

@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

 

3)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration 

@ConditionalOnMissingBean 容器中没有这个组件才会生效, 而上面就是导入了这个组件,所以 WebMvcAutoConfiguration 无效了.

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)//容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;

5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;

 

5、如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置

模式:

1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;

2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置

3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置

 

国际化

1)、指定国际化配置文件位置

在application.properties中配置如下, 如果不配置,则默认文件为classpath:messages.properties / messages_zh_CN.properties

spring.messages.basename=i18n.international

 

2)、编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息

\src\main\resources\i18n\international.properties

# default location is "classpath:message.properties", changed in application.properties , add "spring.messages.basename=i18n.international" to specified internationalResource here
login.btn=登陆~
login.password=密码~
login.rememberMe=记住我~
login.tip=请登陆~
login.username=用户名~

\src\main\resources\i18n\international_en_US.properties

login.btn=Sign In
login.password=Password
login.rememberMe=Remember Me
login.tip=Please sign in
login.username=UserName

\src\main\resources\i18n\international_zh_CN.properties

login.btn=登录
login.password=密码
login.rememberMe=记住我
login.tip=请登录
login.username=用户名

 

springboot资源国际化自动化配置组件

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
    
    /**
     * Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath
     * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
     * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
     * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
     */
    private String basename = "messages";  
    //我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties;
    
    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
            //设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的)
            messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
                    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
        }
        if (this.encoding != null) {
            messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
        }
        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
        messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
        messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
        return messageSource;
    }

 

3)、idea配置properties防乱码

idea的properties中内容在页面中展示乱码解决方法==>https://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/9430768.html

 

4)、html中引用

<html lang="en"  xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <body>
        <h1 th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
        <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{login.rememberMe}]]
    </body>
</html>

 

 

通过手动点击切换国际化资源

springboot自动化配置国际化的解析器为localeResolver()方法

国际化Locale(区域信息对象);LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象);

 

WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java 的自动化配置bean

当ConditionalOnMissingBean即LocaleResolver不存在时,本自动化配置Bean才有效, 所以我们可以自定义一个MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver来替换当前自动化配置

//在WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java中配有bean如下, 当ConditionalOnMissingBean即LocaleResolver不存在时,本自动化配置Bean才有效, 
//所以我们可以自定义一个MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver来替换当前自动化配置
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
    if (this.mvcProperties.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
        return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
    }
    //默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化
    AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
    localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
    return localeResolver;
}

 

自定义MyLocaleResolver.java

/**
 * 可以在连接上携带区域信息
 */
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {

    /**
     * 如果带了lang=zh_CN或lang=en_US形式的参数,则设置成lang的本地化,不然设置默认的
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String l = request.getParameter("lang");
        Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
        if (l != null && !"".equals(l)) {
            String[] split = l.split("_");
            locale = new Locale(split[0], split[1]);
        }
        return locale;
    }

    @Override
    public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {

    }
}

在任意一个@Configuration添加MyLocalResolver.java

 @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
        return new MyLocaleResolver();
    }
}

 

SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

 

默认效果

浏览器返回Error Page页面 , 是因为请求时Header头Accept指定了明确的接收类型text/html ,SpringBoot后台做了特殊处理

 

 

postman返回的是json报文,是因为请求时Header头Accept没有指定明确的接收类型 ,SpringBoot后台做了特殊处理

 

基本流程

一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到 /error 请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理;

参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration配置类;它给容器中添加了以下错误处理的相关组件。

 

1、ErrorPageCustomizer.java (注册错误页)

该bean用于注册错误页面, 配置系统出现错误后跳转到哪

    private static class ErrorPageCustomizer implements ErrorPageRegistrar, Ordered {
        .....
        @Override
        public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) {
            ErrorPage errorPage = new ErrorPage(this.properties.getServletPrefix()
                    + this.properties.getError().getPath());
            errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(errorPage);
        }
        .....
    }

其中getPath()内部其实使用了 "/error"  , ${error.path:/error}的意思是如果没有error.path配置属性, 则取"/error"值

    @Value("${error.path:/error}")
    private String path = "/error";  系统出现错误以后来到/error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)

 

2、BasicErrorController (处理"/error"错误请求)
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
...

    @Override
    public String getErrorPath() {
        return this.errorProperties.getPath();
    }

    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) {
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
     //获取错误信息 , 而错误信息都在共享区的 DefaultErrorAttributes中 Map
<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes( request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); //去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容 ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return (modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model)); } @RequestMapping @ResponseBody//产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;postman,java代码调用等场景 public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) { Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status); } ... }

 

resolveErrorView(...)方法内容

遍历所有ErrorViewResolver ,而接下来的DefaultErrorViewResolver这个在Configuration中注册的Bean就继承自ErrorViewResolver (在该类上Ctrl + T , 直接跳转到唯一实现类DefaultErrorViewResolver.java)

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
        HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //遍历所有ErrorViewResolver ,而接下来的DefaultErrorViewResolver这个在Configuration中注册的Bean就继承自ErrorViewResolver
    for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
        if (modelAndView != null) {
            return modelAndView;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

 

4、DefaultErrorViewResolver(默认的错误视图处理解析器)

根据resolve(...)方法可知thymeleaf模板引擎可用时, 去resources/templates/error/4xx.html或404.html中找, 如果模板引擎不可用, 则去静态资源文件夹 resources/static/4xx.html或400.html中找

@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
                                     Map<String, Object> model) {
    ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
    if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
        modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
    }
    return modelAndView;
}

private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面?  error/404
    String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;

    //试着获取模板引擎
    TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
        .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
    if (provider != null) {
        //如果模板引擎可用,则返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
        return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
    }
    //模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面   error/404.html
    return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}

 

 

4、DefaultErrorAttributes (页面错误共享信息对象)

DefaultErrorAttributes.java

@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
public class DefaultErrorAttributes
        implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerExceptionResolver, Ordered {
    ...
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
            boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
    }
    ...
}

 

如何定制错误响应

 

1)、如何定制错误的页面;

1. 有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;

我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);

页面能获取的信息;

timestamp:时间戳
path: 请求路径 status:状态码 error:错误提示
exception:异常对象 message:异常消息 errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里

2. 没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;

3. 以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面 

public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {
...
    @Configuration
...
    protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration {
        private final ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.SpelView defaultErrorView = new ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.SpelView("<html><body><h1>Whitelabel Error Page</h1><p>This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.</p><div id='created'>${timestamp}</div><div>There was an unexpected error (type=${error}, status=${status}).</div><div>${message}</div></body></html>");
...
}

4. 4xx.html / 5xx.html / 400.html / 500.html修改

所以在templates/error/4xx.html中可以自由改造默认的属性了 

<p th:text="${error}"></p>

 

2)、如何定制错误的json数据;

1)、自定义异常处理器 MyExceptionAdvice.java , 但是这种模式没有自适应性, 会导致浏览器访问也统一返回json

@ControllerAdvice//自定义异常拦截处理器
public class MyExceptionHandler {
​
    @ResponseBody//返回转成json
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)//自定义异常
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }
}

 

2)、转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理

自定义异常处理器 MyExceptionAdvice.java

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionAdvice {
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        //传入我们自己的错误状态码  4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
        /**
         * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
         .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
         */
        request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        //转发到/error
        return "forward:/error";
    }
}

 

 

3)、将我们的定制数据携带出去;

自定义异常处理器 MyExceptionAdvice.java

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionAdvice {
    /**
     * 自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据 , 但是这种模式有自适应性, 浏览器返回网页, postman返回json
     * 此种方式的跳转,不能将自定义参数携带出去
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotFoundException.class)
    public String  satifiedHandleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        //传入我们自己的错误状态码  4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程,
        // 因为在BasicErrorController的父类AbstractErrorController方法getStatus(HttpServletRequest request)中Integer statusCode = (Integer) request.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");默认获取的是200,
        // 导致不会进入/error拦截界面.
        //而此处设置400,500目的正是为了跳到对应的error/400.html, error/500.html中去
        request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);

        //但是此种方式的跳转,不能将自定义参数携带出去
        map.put("extInfo1","info1");
        map.put("extInfo2",e.getMessage());
        request.setAttribute("extInfo",map);//在自定义的MyErrorAttribute.java中获取
        //注意,转发到"/error"
        return "forward:/error";
    }
}

 

出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);

方式1(不推荐)、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;

方式2(推荐)、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过ErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes()得到;所以我们可以自定义一个ErrorAttributes

//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
​
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        map.put("company","atguigu");
        return map;
    }
}

那这个自定义的bean是如何替换原来的呢,重点在于@ConditionalOnMissingBean(...)

public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {
...
    @Bean
    //表示如果ErrorAttributes.class或其子类一开始全不存在, 才会创建本bean, 而当我们自定义的MyErrorAttributes正是继承自DefaultErrorAttributes(继承自ErrorAttributes)
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = {ErrorAttributes.class},search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT )
    public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
        return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
    }
    ...
}

 

最终的效果:响应是自适应的,通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容如下图

{
    "timestamp": "2019年05月10日 14:01:23",
    "status": 500,
    "error": "Internal Server Error",
    "exception": "com.example.demo.bean.exception.UserNotFoundException",
    "message": "abc",
    "path": "/springbootdemo/ThymeleafController/thymeleaf",
    "company": "KingCompany",
    "extInfo": {
        "extInfo1": "info1",
        "extInfo2": "abc"
    }
}

 

 

8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器

 方式1、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

#通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
#Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx

 

方式2、编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置

@Bean  //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
    return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {

        //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
        @Override
        public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
            container.setPort(8083);
        }
    };
}

 

 

Servlet三大组件配置【Servlet、Filter、Listener】

MyServlet.java--ServletRegistrationBean

 

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class  MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String ret = "MyServlet visited";
        System.err.println(ret);
        resp.getWriter().write(ret);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.err.println("MyServlet visited");
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

 

MyFilter.java--FilterRegistrationBean

 

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MyFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.err.println("MyFilter init");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.err.println("MyFilter visited");
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.err.println("MyFilter destroy");
    }
}

 

 

MyListener.java--ServletListenerRegistrationBean

listener分很多种类型, 以ServletContextListener为例

import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener {
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.err.println("ServletContextListener contextInitialized");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.err.println("ServletContextListener contextDestroyed");
    }
}

 

最后把以上三大组合直接放在一个@Configuration中

 

import com.example.demo.bean.Student;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletListenerRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Arrays;

@Configuration//指明当前类是一个配置类;就是来替代之前的Spring配置文件
public class MyServletFilterListenerConfiguration {

    // http://localhost:8080/springbootdemo/MyServlet2
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/MyServlet2");
        return registrationBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
        FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
        registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/MyServlet2","/myServlet3"));
        return registrationBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
        ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener>(new MyListener());
        return registrationBean;
    }

}

 

 

于是可以理解SpringBoot默认的Servlet配置

默认拦的就是所有请求

@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483648)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({DispatcherServlet.class})
@AutoConfigureAfter({EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration.class})
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration {
    ...
    @Configuration
    ...
    protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {
    ...
        @Bean(name = {"dispatcherServletRegistration"})
        @ConditionalOnBean(value = {DispatcherServlet.class},name = {"dispatcherServlet"})
        public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
            //默认拦截: /  所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求;   /*会拦截jsp
            //可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
            ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet, new String[]{this.serverProperties.getServletMapping()});
            registration.setName("dispatcherServlet");
            registration.setLoadOnStartup(this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
            if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
                registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
            }
            return registration;
        }
    }
}

 

替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器

 

Tomcat(默认使用)

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;
</dependency>

 

Jetty

<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency><!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

 

Undertow

<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency><!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

 

 

嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理

步骤:

1)、SpringBoot根据EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】

2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会触发后置处理器EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;

3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) 给容器配置属性

 

EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration.java 嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
//导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar,给容器中导入一些组件, 比较重要的有 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor,它是一个后置处理器,用于在bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
    
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;
    //判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂(作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器)
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
        @Bean
        public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
     */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,WebAppContext.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedJetty {
        @Bean
        public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
            return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
        }
    }
...

 

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)和 EmbeddedServletContainer(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

public class TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory  extends AbstractEmbeddedServletContainerFactory implements ResourceLoaderAware 

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
   //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
   EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}

 

 TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory.java

该Factory通过ServerProperties(本身就是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer子类)、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer 定制化Servlet容器配置 , 而EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer 又是通过EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor后置处理器配置的

public class TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory    extends AbstractEmbeddedServletContainerFactory implements ResourceLoaderAware {
    ...
    @Override
    public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
          ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
        //创建一个Tomcat
       Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        
        //配置Tomcat的基本环节
       File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
             : createTempDir("tomcat"));
       tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
       Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
       tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
       customizeConnector(connector);
       tomcat.setConnector(connector);
       tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
       configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
       for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
          tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
       }
       prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
        
        //将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
       return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
    }
...
}

 

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.java 后置处理器
public class EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware {
    //初始化之前
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        //如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
       if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
          postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
       }
       return bean;
    }

    private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
        //获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
        for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
            customizer.customize(bean);
        }
    }

    private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
        if (this.customizers == null) {
            this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
                //从容器中获取所有这个类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer 
                this.beanFactory.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,false, false).values());
            Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
            this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
        }
        return this.customizers;
    }
}

 

嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理

什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;

获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

1)、SpringBoot应用启动运行run(xxx.class, arg)方法

2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

3)、refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
      // Prepare this context for refreshing.
      prepareRefresh();

      // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
         // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
         postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

         // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
         invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
         registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Initialize message source for this context.
         initMessageSource();

         // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
         initApplicationEventMulticaster();

         // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
         onRefresh();

         // Check for listener beans and register them.
         registerListeners();

         // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
         finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

         // Last step: publish corresponding event.
         finishRefresh();
      }

      catch (BeansException ex) {
         if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                  "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
         }

         // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
         destroyBeans();

         // Reset 'active' flag.
         cancelRefresh(ex);

         // Propagate exception to caller.
         throw ex;
      }

      finally {
         // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
         // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
         resetCommonCaches();
      }
   }
}

4)、onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法

5)、web ioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();

6)、获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;

7)、使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;

先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;

IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器

 

IOC容器是什么?  Spring框架IOC容器和AOP解析==>https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoxing/p/5836835.html

 

使用外置Servlet容器

步骤

1. 创建打war包项目 , 非打 jar包项目

如果使用idea创建SpringBoot的war项目,则一开始就会自动创建SpringBootServletInitializer.java , 这是使用外围容器初始化必要的类。

//类名随意,只要继承SpringBootServletInitializer即可
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(SpringBootOuterContainerApplication.class);
    }
}

 

2.  pom.xml中明确指定Tomcat的<scoper>为provided;

provided意为目标环境已经提供了, 打包时就不需要打进去了。 

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

 

3. 配置webapp目录及web.xml

idea中默认不会有该目录, 需要在Project Structure的Modules的Web模块中手动配置上下文根目录和web.xml

Project Structure | Modules | Web | 配置上下文路径(一开始该路径不存在)

 

Project Structure | Modules | Web | 配置web.xml (一开始该文件不存在, 注意添加时手动加上src\main\webapp路径)

 

4. 添加外置tomcat

 右上 Edit Configurations | 添加tomcat配置 | Tomcat Server | Local | OK

 

Run/Debug Configurations | Tomcat Server | 取tomcat服务名 mytomcat8 | Server选项卡 | Configure | 配置Tomcat8路径 | OK

 

 Run/Debug Configurations | Tomcat Server | 取tomcat服务名 mytomcat8 | Deployment选项卡 |添加需要布署的war包|  OK

 

 

 

5. 做一些测试用jsp和Controller

 

 

6. 启动服务器

将会自动打开chrome浏览器并自动访问http://localhost:8080/    (因为没有指定context上下文,默认即是/)

 

外部Servlet容器原理

  • jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法 --> 启动ioc容器 --> 创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
  • war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;

 

servlet3.0(Spring注解版): 8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:

 

规则:

1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:

2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名  (spring-web-5.1.6.RELEASE.jar里面有一个)

3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;

 

流程:

1)、启动Tomcat

2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer上的注解@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class) 标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;

而WebApplicationInitializer是接口, 其实现类如下图

 

 

4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;

5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法 ,而自定义类ServletInitializer 正是SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,即WebApplicationInitializer 的子孙类。

6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例(自定义类Servletinitializer)执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
      ServletContext servletContext) {
    //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
   SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
   StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
   environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
   builder.environment(environment);
   builder.main(getClass());
   ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
   if (parent != null) {
      this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
      servletContext.setAttribute(
            WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
      builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
   }
   builder.initializers(
         new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
   builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
    
    //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
   builder = configure(builder);
    
    //使用builder创建一个Spring应用
   SpringApplication application = builder.build();
   if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
         .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
      application.getSources().add(getClass());
   }
   Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
         "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
               + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
   // Ensure error pages are registered
   if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
      application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
   }
    //启动Spring应用
   return run(application);
}

 

7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
   stopWatch.start();
   ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
   FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
   configureHeadlessProperty();
   SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
   listeners.starting();
   try {
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
            args);
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
            applicationArguments);
      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
      context = createApplicationContext();
      analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
            printedBanner);
       
       //刷新IOC容器
      refreshContext(context);
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
      listeners.finished(context, null);
      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
         new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
               .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
      return context;
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }
}

启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用

样例下载地址: https://files.cnblogs.com/files/whatlonelytear/spring-boot-outer-container.zip

参考

Thymeleaf入门(一)——入门与基本概述==>https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangbei/p/8462294.html

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/p/9023059.html

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