day54 django模块render ,FBV与CBV ,django之settings源码,模板层,自定义标签/过滤器,模板的继承与导入,单表的增删改查...

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-02 16:28:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-02 16:28:26 发布

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文章标签： python javascript 前端 ViewUI

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/komorebi/p/11544636.html

版权

render

render返回一个HTML页面而且还能给该页面传数据

render内部原理

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from django.template import Template,Context


def index(request):
    temp = Template('<h1>{{ user }}</h1>')
    con = Context({'user':{'name':'baobo','age':'18'}})
    res = temp.render(con)
    print(res)
    return HttpResponse(res)

View Code

理论:
先将所有的内容读取字符串,在用Context将信息传进去,然后将数据返回给前端.

FBV与CBV

视图函数并不只是函数,也可以是类.

FBV:面向函数式编程,基于函数的视图.

CBV:面向对象式编程,基于类的视图.

基于cbv的视图

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^index/', views.index),
    url(r'^login/', views.Login.as_view()),
]

urls.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from django.views import View

class Login(View):
    def get(self,request):
        print('login的get')
        return render(request,'login.html')
    def post(self,request):
        return HttpResponse('from post')

views.py

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

页面

由此得到了一个问题:为什么get请求来就会走类里面的get方法,post请求来就会走类里面的post方法

分析:

从源头开始分析:

函数名加括号时,执行优先级最高,所以程序会先执行as_view()方法.

点进View查看源码,去查看as_view()

    @classonlymethod
    def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
        """
        Main entry point for a request-response process.
        """
        for key in initkwargs:
            if key in cls.http_method_names:
                raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
                                "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
                                % (key, cls.__name__))
            if not hasattr(cls, key):
                raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
                                "only accepts arguments that are already "
                                "attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))

        def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
            self = cls(**initkwargs)
            if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
                self.head = self.get
            self.request = request
            self.args = args
            self.kwargs = kwargs
            return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        view.view_class = cls
        view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs

        # take name and docstring from class
        update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())

        # and possible attributes set by decorators
        # like csrf_exempt from dispatch
        update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
        return view

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
        # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
        # request method isn't on the approved list.
        if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
            handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
        else:
            handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
        return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

源码

@classonlymethod
    def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):   #cls是自己写的类Login
        def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
        self = cls(**initkwargs)   #实例化产生Login的对象 即self=Login(**initkwargs)
            if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):  #判断
                self.head = self.get
            self.request = request
            self.args = args
            self.kwargs = kwargs
            #为对象新增属性    
            return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)  #返回信息
            #diapatch返回什么,浏览器就收到什么
            #涉及到了一个对象的查找属性或方法的顺序 -- 先在对象本身找,然后从产生对象的类里面找,再到产生对象的类的父类中进行查找,依次往后.
        return view

分析

通过源码发现url匹配条件可以变形为 url('^login/',views.view)

得出结论

FBV 和 CBV 在 路由匹配上是一致的,都是url + 函数的内存地址

当浏览器在输入login会立刻触发view函数的运行:

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
        # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
        # request method isn't on the approved list.

        #判断请求方式是否在默认的八个方法中
        if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
        # http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']

            #getattr 反射获取类产生的属性或方法
            #以GET为例, handler = getattr(self,'get','取不到报错信息')
            #handler = get(request)
            handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
        else:
            handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
        return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)     
        #直接调用我们自己的写的类里面的get方法
        #源码中先通过判断请求方法是否符合默认的八个方法,然后通过反射获取到自定义类中的对应方法执行

点进源码,查看dispath

django之settings源码

前提:

1.django除了暴露给用户一个settings.py配置文件之外  自己内部还有一个全局的配置文件
2.我们在使用配置文件的时候 可以直接直接导入暴露给用户的settings.py也可以使用django全局的配置文件 并且后者居多
    from django.conf import settings
3.django的启动入口是manage.py

问题

为什么settings的常量都是大写

    import os
    import sys

    if __name__ == "__main__":
    # django在启动的时候 就会往全局的大字典中设置一个键值对  值是暴露给用户的配置文件的路径字符串
                    
         os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "day54.settings")

settings = LazySettings()
重复导入一个文件,单例模式

点进源码,查看

class LazySettings(LazyObject):
    def _setup(self, name=None):
       # os.environ你可以把它看成是一个全局的大字典
       # 从大字典中取值    键为DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE  值为day54.settings
        #settings_mode = 'day54.settings'
        settings_module = os.environ.get(ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE)
        # Settings('day54.settings')
        self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)

点击LazySettings,进入源码

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/komorebi/p/11544636.html