示例
调用方法
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class CorsMiddleware: def process(self): print('from auth.cors.CorsMiddleware.process')
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import importlib path = 'auth.cors.CorsMiddleware' module_path, class_name = path.rsplit('.', maxsplit=1) module = importlib.import_module(module_path) cls = getattr(module, class_name) obj = cls() obj.process() # from auth.cors.CorsMiddleware.process
获取静态字段
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class Dev: DEBUG = True
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![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
import importlib path = 'settings.Dev' module_path, class_name = path.rsplit('.', maxsplit=1) module = importlib.import_module(module_path) cls = getattr(module, class_name) for key in dir(cls): if key.isupper(): print(getattr(cls,key)) # True
源码
其实很多在配置文件中通过类路径配置类的操作都是这样实现的,例如 Django 中在执行 wsgi 模块时加载配置文件:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
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def load_middleware(self): self._request_middleware = [] self._view_middleware = [] self._template_response_middleware = [] self._response_middleware = [] self._exception_middleware = [] if settings.MIDDLEWARE is None: warnings.warn( "Old-style middleware using settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES is " "deprecated. Update your middleware and use settings.MIDDLEWARE " "instead.", RemovedInDjango20Warning ) handler = convert_exception_to_response(self._legacy_get_response) for middleware_path in settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES: mw_class = import_string(middleware_path) try: mw_instance = mw_class() except MiddlewareNotUsed as exc: if settings.DEBUG: if six.text_type(exc): logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed(%r): %s', middleware_path, exc) else: logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed: %r', middleware_path) continue if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_request'): self._request_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_request) if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_view'): self._view_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_view) if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_template_response'): self._template_response_middleware.insert(0, mw_instance.process_template_response) if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_response'): self._response_middleware.insert(0, mw_instance.process_response) if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_exception'): self._exception_middleware.insert(0, mw_instance.process_exception) else: handler = convert_exception_to_response(self._get_response) for middleware_path in reversed(settings.MIDDLEWARE): middleware = import_string(middleware_path) try: mw_instance = middleware(handler) except MiddlewareNotUsed as exc: if settings.DEBUG: if six.text_type(exc): logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed(%r): %s', middleware_path, exc) else: logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed: %r', middleware_path) continue if mw_instance is None: raise ImproperlyConfigured( 'Middleware factory %s returned None.' % middleware_path ) if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_view'): self._view_middleware.insert(0, mw_instance.process_view) if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_template_response'): self._template_response_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_template_response) if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_exception'): self._exception_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_exception) handler = convert_exception_to_response(mw_instance) self._middleware_chain = handler
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![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
def import_string(dotted_path): """ Import a dotted module path and return the attribute/class designated by the last name in the path. Raise ImportError if the import failed. """ try: module_path, class_name = dotted_path.rsplit('.', 1) except ValueError: msg = "%s doesn't look like a module path" % dotted_path six.reraise(ImportError, ImportError(msg), sys.exc_info()[2]) module = import_module(module_path) try: return getattr(module, class_name) except AttributeError: msg = 'Module "%s" does not define a "%s" attribute/class' % ( module_path, class_name) six.reraise(ImportError, ImportError(msg), sys.exc_info()[2])