"""
Dijkstra algorithm
graphdict={"A":[("B",6),("C",3)], "B":[("C",2),("D",5)],"C":[("B",2),("D",3),("E",4)],\
"D":[("B",5),("C",3),("E",2),("F",3)],"E":[("C",4),("D",2),("F",5)],"F":[("D",3),"(E",5)]})
assert: start node must be zero in-degree
"""
def Dijkstra(startNode, endNode, graphdict=None):
S=[startNode]
V=[]
for node in graphdict.keys():
if node !=startNode:
V.append(node)
#distance dict from startNode
dist={}
for node in V:
dist[node]=float('Inf')
while len(V)>0:
center = S[-1] # get final node for S as the new center node
minval = ("None",float("Inf"))
for node,d in graphdict[center]:
if node not in V:
continue
#following is the key logic.If S length is bigger than 1,need to get the final ele of S, which is the center point in current
#iterator, and distance between start node and center node is startToCenterDist; d is distance between node
# among out-degree for center point; dist[node] is previous distance to start node, possibly Inf or a updated value
# so if startToCenterDist+d is less than dist[node], then it shows we find a shorter distance.
if len(S)==1:
dist[node] = d
else:
startToCenterDist = dist[center]
if startToCenterDist + d < dist[node]:
dist[node] = startToCenterDist + d
#this is the method to find a new center node and
# it's the minimum distance among out-degree nodes for center node
if d < minval[1]:
minval = (node,d)
V.remove(minval[0])
S.append(minval[0]) # append node with min val
return dist