Django SCRF跨站点请求伪造

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-25 17:41:14 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-05-25 17:41:14 发布

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/guoguojj/p/8395416.html

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　　使用Django发POSTt请求的时候经常会遇到Forbidden的错误,然后直接了当的方法就是去setting里面吧csrf中间件注释掉,其实csrf是django给我们提供的防护措施.

　　CSRF就是一种攻击方式,原理大概是你去A网站登录后本地留下了A网站的cookie,然后去B网站访问收到了CSRF的攻击,拿到了你A网站的cookie,然后攻击者用这个cookie去请求A网站,盗取你的信息财物等.

　　具体这个博客写得很好:戳CSRF

　　这里我们主要讲django 中csrf防护的原理和设置.

1.csrf防护在Django中就是一个中间件,生成token验证,token验证就是你要拿到一张牌(一串字符串),django认识这个字符串,才让你访问.

#django settings.py 里面
MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',#就是这货
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

2.Form请求中的csrf:

我们写好一盒form表单,提交方式写为post的时,点提交会出现以下页面:

Forbidden (403) CSRF verification failed. Request aborted. Help Reason given for failure: CSRF token missing or incorrect. In general, this can occur when there is a genuine Cross Site Request Forgery, or when Django's CSRF mechanism has not been used correctly. For POST forms, you need to ensure: 　　Your browser is accepting cookies. 　　The view function passes a request to the template's render method. 　　In the template, there is a {% csrf_token %} template tag inside each POST form that targets an internal URL. 　　If you are not using CsrfViewMiddleware, then you must use csrf_protect on any views that use the csrf_token template tag, as well as those that accept the POST data. 　　The form has a valid CSRF token. After logging in in another browser tab or hitting the back button after a login, you may need to reload the page with the form, because the token is rotated after a login. You're seeing the help section of this page because you have DEBUG = True in your Django settings file. Change that to False, and only the initial error message will be displayed. You can customize this page using the CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW setting.

错误中也说明了解决方式:在form表单中加入{% csrf_token %}:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/fm001/myCSRF/"  method="post">
    name: <input type="text">
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
    {% csrf_token %}

</form>
</body>
</html>

我们再发post请求就可以了,检查发现{% csrf_token %} 在页面上生成了这串东西, 我们提交请求的时候会带着这个东西去请求,而这个东西就是django给我的,django会识别是不是这货

3:Ajax请求中的csrf:

写好html页面:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/fm001/myCSRF/"  method="post">
    name: <input type="text">
    <input type="submit" value="提交">

    <input id="but" type="button" value="ajax提交">
</form>
</body>
<script>
    $("#but").click(function () {
         $.ajax({
            url:"/fm001/myCSRF/",
            type:"POST", 
             data:{"xx":"yy"},
            success:function (arg) {
                alert("ok")
            }


         })
    })
</script>
</html>

提交后出现如下错误:Forbidden (CSRF token missing or incorrect.): /fm001/myCSRF/

这就是我们没有提交token给django,需要在请求头里面加上token值,用jq获取cookie,所以导入jquery.cookie.js 具体:

<script>
    $("#but").click(function () {
         $.ajax({
            url:"/fm001/myCSRF/",
            type:"POST",
             data:{"xx":"yy"},
             headers:{"X-CSRFToken":$.cookie("csrftoken")},
            success:function (arg) {
                alert("ok")
            }


         })
    })
</script>

这样提交就可以了.

为了方便,不每次发ajax请求都去写headers,可以设置ajax请求每次发送之前加上添加token到headers的操作:

 $.ajaxSetup({
            beforeSend: function(xhr, settings) {
                
                xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", csrftoken);
                }
        });

当然的django中也可以试着那些请求需要token,那些不需要,django提供了装饰器:

from dajngo.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_protect,csrf_exempt
@csrf_protect，#为当前函数强制设置防跨站请求伪造功能，即便settings中没有设置全局中间件。加载views函数上就可以了.
@csrf_exempt，#取消当前函数防跨站请求伪造功能，即便settings中设置了全局中间件。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/guoguojj/p/8395416.html