user initialization list vs constructor assignment

最新推荐文章于 2020-12-08 22:00:24 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-12-08 22:00:24 发布

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文章标签： c/c++

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/hellogiser/p/user_initialization_list.html

版权

【本文连接】

http://www.cnblogs.com/hellogiser/p/user_initialization_list.html

【分析】

初始化列表和构造函数内的赋值语句有何区别？

(1)对于built-in数据类型，如int long，指针等，初始化列表和构造函数内的赋值语句效果和效率一样。

(2)对于user-defined数据类型，比如class对象等，初始化列表和构造函数内的赋值语句效果是一样的，但是效率却有很大的差异。

如果一个Class1内部有Class2的一个对象Class2 obj，并且通过Class2 &robj来初始化，那么

(2.1)对于执行初始化列表的obj(robj)部分，只会调用Class2的copy constructor

(2.2)对于构造函数内的赋值obj = robj语句，在执行构造函数体之前，会调用Class2的default constructor来初始化obj，然后执行obj = robj语句，调用Class2的copy assignment。

也就是说，初始化列表比构造函数内赋值要更高效。

【const数据成员】

对于Class的const或者ref数据成员，只能通过初始化列表初始化，不能够赋值。

【代码1】

     C++ Code  
  

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Food
{
public :
    Food( int v = 10 ): m_v(v)
    {
        puts( "default consturctor" );
    }

    Food( const Food &other)
    {
        puts( "copy consturctor" );
         this ->m_v = other.m_v;
    }

    Food & operator =( const Food &other)
    {
        puts( "copy assignment" );
         if ( this == &other)
             return * this ;
         this ->m_v = other.m_v;
         return * this ;
    }
private :
     int m_v;
};

class Dog
{
public :
     /*
    for User Intialization List
    only copy constructor was called
     * */
    Dog( int w, Food &f): weight(w), food(f), LEGS( 4 )
    {
        cout << weight << endl; // 100
    }
private :
     int weight;
     const int LEGS;
    Food food;
};

void test_case1()
{
    Food f;
    Dog d( 111 , f);
    puts( "-----------------" );
}

int main()
{
    test_case1();
     return 0 ;
}

/*
* default consturcor
* copy constructor
* 111
* */

【代码2】

     C++ Code  
  

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Food
{
public :
    Food( int v = 10 ): m_v(v)
    {
        puts( "default consturctor" );
    }

    Food( const Food &other)
    {
        puts( "copy consturctor" );
         this ->m_v = other.m_v;
    }

    Food & operator =( const Food &other)
    {
        puts( "copy assignment" );
         if ( this == &other)
             return * this ;
         this ->m_v = other.m_v;
         return * this ;
    }
private :
     int m_v;
};

class Dog2
{
public :
     /*
    for assignment inside {} of constructor
    default constructor + copy assignment were called
     * */
    Dog2( int w, Food &f): LEGS( 4 )
    {
        cout << weight << endl; // -3174682  (has not initialized so a random number)
        weight = w;
        food = f;
    }
private :
     int weight;
     const int LEGS;
    Food food;
};

void test_case2()
{
    Food f;
    Dog2 d( 99 , f);
    puts( "-----------------" );
}

int main()
{
    test_case2();
     return 0 ;
}

/*
* default constructor
* default construcotr
* -876545120
* copy assignment
* */

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hellogiser/p/user_initialization_list.html