User类:
public class User implements Serializable{
public User(){}
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
User.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.po.User"
table="TEST_USER">
<id name="id" column="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<generator class="assigned"/>
</id>
<property name="name"
column="name"
type="java.lang.String"
not-null="true"
unique="true"
length="20"/>
<property name="age"
column="age"
type="java.lang.Integer"
not-null="true"
unique="false"
length="0"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
hibernate.cfg.xml:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">
jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.58.1:1521:123
</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">123</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">123</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property>
<mapping resource="com/po/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
测试类:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName("111");
user.setAge(10);
Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sf = conf.buildSessionFactory();
Session sess = sf.openSession();
Transaction t = sess.beginTransaction();//说明一
try{
sess.save(user);
t.commit();//说明二
}catch(Exception e){
t.rollback();
}finally{
if(sess.isOpen()){
sess.close();
}
}
}
}
说明一:Hibernate本身不具有事务管理能力,而是对底层JDBC事务或JTA事务的轻量级封装
org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl类(该类是会话的实现类):
public Transaction beginTransaction() throws HibernateException {
errorIfClosed();
if ( rootSession != null ) {
log.warn( "Transaction started on non-root session" );
}
Transaction result = getTransaction();
result.begin();
return result;
}
public Transaction getTransaction() throws HibernateException {
errorIfClosed();
return jdbcContext.getTransaction();
}
org.hibernate.jdbc.JDBCContext类:
public Transaction getTransaction() throws HibernateException {
if (hibernateTransaction==null) {
hibernateTransaction = owner.getFactory().getSettings()
.getTransactionFactory().createTransaction( this, owner );
}
return hibernateTransaction;
}
TransactionFactory有很多实现类:
选择最基本的org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory观察一下:
public Transaction createTransaction(JDBCContext jdbcContext, Context transactionContext)throws HibernateException {
return new JDBCTransaction( jdbcContext, transactionContext );
}
org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction类的说明:
Transaction implementation based on transaction management through a JDBC Connection.
This the Hibernate's default transaction strategy.
事务开始时,会禁用自动提交:
public void begin() throws HibernateException {
if (begun) {
return;
}
if (commitFailed) {
throw new TransactionException("cannot re-start transaction after failed commit");
}
log.debug("begin");
try {
toggleAutoCommit = jdbcContext.connection().getAutoCommit();
if ( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
log.debug("current autocommit status: " + toggleAutoCommit);
}
if (toggleAutoCommit) {
log.debug("disabling autocommit");
jdbcContext.connection().setAutoCommit(false);//right here
}
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.error("JDBC begin failed", e);
throw new TransactionException("JDBC begin failed: ", e);
}
callback = jdbcContext.registerCallbackIfNecessary();
begun = true;
committed = false;
rolledBack = false;
if ( timeout>0 ) {
jdbcContext.getConnectionManager().getBatcher().setTransactionTimeout(timeout);
}
jdbcContext.afterTransactionBegin(this);
}
打开log日志也能看出很多端倪:
[2013-08-09 16:37:55] DEBUG -> begin
[2013-08-09 16:37:55] DEBUG -> opening JDBC connection
[2013-08-09 16:37:55] DEBUG -> current autocommit status: false
[2013-08-09 16:37:55] DEBUG -> generated identifier: 1, using strategy: org.hibernate.id.Assigned
[2013-08-09 16:37:55] DEBUG -> commit
说明二:不需要显式的调用flush()方法,事务提交时会根据session的FlushMode自动触发session的flush
还是通过最基本的JDBCTransaction类看一下:
事务提交完成之后又恢复了事务的自动提交
public void commit() throws HibernateException {
if (!begun) {
throw new TransactionException("Transaction not successfully started");
}
log.debug("commit");
if ( !transactionContext.isFlushModeNever() && callback ) {
transactionContext.managedFlush(); //根据FlushMode刷新Session
notifySynchronizationsBeforeTransactionCompletion();
if ( callback ) {
jdbcContext.beforeTransactionCompletion( this );
}
try {
commitAndResetAutoCommit();//look here
log.debug("committed JDBC Connection");
committed = true;
if ( callback ) {
jdbcContext.afterTransactionCompletion( true, this );
}
notifySynchronizationsAfterTransactionCompletion( Status.STATUS_COMMITTED );
}
catch (SQLException e) {
log.error("JDBC commit failed", e);
commitFailed = true;
if ( callback ) {
jdbcContext.afterTransactionCompletion( false, this );
}
notifySynchronizationsAfterTransactionCompletion( Status.STATUS_UNKNOWN );
throw new TransactionException("JDBC commit failed", e);
}
finally {
closeIfRequired();
}
}
private void commitAndResetAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
try {
jdbcContext.connection().commit();
}
finally {
toggleAutoCommit();
}
}
private void toggleAutoCommit() {
try {
if (toggleAutoCommit) {
log.debug("re-enabling autocommit");
jdbcContext.connection().setAutoCommit( true );//重置了自动提交
}
}
catch (Exception sqle) {
log.error("Could not toggle autocommit", sqle);
//swallow it (the transaction _was_ successful or successfully rolled back)
}
}
JDBC事务默认自动提交,Hibernate编程式事务管理当然要关闭自动提交,最后手动提交