最近我们学到的Hibernate中,有个对房屋信息的查询功能。其中页面的一句代码如下:
${house.street.district.name}区${house.street.name},${house.floorage}平米<br /> 联系方式:${house.contact}
以上写法用EL显示房屋的信息,但我们的DAO用Hibernate实现的时候,几个相关的对象都要把lazy设置成false,不然就会出现会话已经关闭的错误。以下是House.hbm.xml原来的写法:
<many-to-one name="users" class="org.newboy.entity.Users" fetch="join" lazy="false">
<column name="USER_ID" precision="7" scale="0" />
</many-to-one>
<many-to-one name="houseType" class="org.newboy.entity.HouseType" fetch="select" lazy="false">
<column name="TYPE_ID" precision="4" scale="0" />
</many-to-one>
<many-to-one name="street" class="org.newboy.entity.Street" fetch="join" lazy="false">
<column name="STREET_ID" precision="6" scale="0" />
</many-to-one>
因为在访问到house.street的时候,Hibernate还会再去查一次数据库,而如果我们的DAO中的代码如下:
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<House> getAllHouses() {
Session session = super.getSession();
List<House> houses = null;
try {
houses = session.createQuery("from House").list();
} finally {
session.close();
}
return houses;
}
会话已经关闭,就会出现会话关闭的错误。当然还有一种做法就是不关闭会话,不过这不是一种解决的办法。
虽然以后我们会学到Spring有更好的解决方法,但今天如果只用Hibernate的话,我们自己有没有办法去解决这个问题,就是让会话在请求结束后才关闭。这样也就不用把lazy设置成false了。于是就有了下面的过滤器的实现:
package org.newboy.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.newboy.utils.HibernateUtils;
/**
* 用于进行Hibernate事务处理的Servlet过滤器
*
* @author LiuBo
*/
public class HibernateFilter implements Filter {
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HibernateFilter.class);
/**
* 过滤器的主要方法 用于实现Hibernate事务的开始和提交
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
try {
// 开始一个新的事务
log.info("Starting a database transaction");
tx.begin();
log.info("Request Path:\t" + ((HttpServletRequest) request).getServletPath());
// Call the next filter (continue request processing)
chain.doFilter(request, response);
// 提交事务
log.info("Committing the database transaction");
tx.commit();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
try {
// 回滚事务
log.info("Trying to rollback database transaction after exception");
tx.rollback();
} catch (Throwable rbEx) {
log.error("Could not rollback transaction after exception!", rbEx);
}
// 抛出异常
throw new ServletException(ex);
} finally {
log.info("session closed");
HibernateUtils.closeSession();
}
}
/**
* Servlet过滤器的初始化方法 可以读取配置文件中设置的配置参数
*/
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
/**
* Servlet的销毁方法 用于释放过滤器所申请的资源
*/
public void destroy() {
}
}
<filter>
<description>事务的过滤器</description>
<filter-name>HibernateFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.newboy.servlet.HibernateFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HibernateFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
这样我们的DAO就可以这样写:
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<House> getAllHouses() {
Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
List<House> houses = session.createQuery("from House").list();
return houses;
}
不用关闭会话,而House.hbm.xml就变成:
<many-to-one name="users" class="org.newboy.entity.Users">
<column name="USER_ID" precision="7" scale="0" />
</many-to-one>
<many-to-one name="houseType" class="org.newboy.entity.HouseType">
<column name="TYPE_ID" precision="4" scale="0" />
</many-to-one>
<many-to-one name="street" class="org.newboy.entity.Street">
<column name="STREET_ID" precision="6" scale="0" />
</many-to-one>
没有了lazy那项。
其中HibernateUtils的代码基本上是MyEclipse自动产生的。只是我把它汉化了。呵呵:
package org.newboy.utils;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* 配置Hibernate工具,对会话工厂和会话进行操作
*/
public class HibernateUtils {
private static String CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION = "/hibernate.cfg.xml";
private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
private static Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private static String configFile = CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION;
static {
try {
configuration.configure(configFile);
sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("会话工厂创建失败");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*
* 私有的构造方法
*/
private HibernateUtils() {
}
/**
* 得到一个线程安全的实例
*
* @return Session
* @throws HibernateException
*/
public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
if (session == null || !session.isOpen()) {
if (sessionFactory == null) {
rebuildSessionFactory();
}
session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession() : null;
threadLocal.set(session);
}
return session;
}
/**
* 重新建立会话工厂
*/
public static void rebuildSessionFactory() {
try {
configuration.configure(configFile);
sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("会话工厂创建失败");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 关闭单个会话实例.
*
* @throws HibernateException
*/
public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
threadLocal.set(null);
if (session != null) {
session.close();
}
}
/**
* 返回会话工厂实例
*/
public static org.hibernate.SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
/**
* 设置配置文件
*/
public static void setConfigFile(String configFile) {
HibernateUtils.configFile = configFile;
sessionFactory = null;
}
/**
* 返回配置对象
*/
public static Configuration getConfiguration() {
return configuration;
}
}
这样每次用户请求就会打开会话和事务,请求结束就提交事务,并关闭会话。解决了上面的问题。