cobbler配置

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-17 23:25:17 发布

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文章标签：运维开发工具操作系统

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/krainbow/p/3934501.html

版权

借鉴了网上好多文章，但是因为是去年做的cobbler，忘记是哪些地址，故暂未附上，见谅。

[root@kingserver111 ~]# lsb_release -a

LSB Version: :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch

Distributor ID: CentOS

Description: CentOS Linux release 6.0 (Final)

Release: 6.0

Codename: Final

[root@kingserver111 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 6.0 (Final)

[root@kingserver111 ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda1 19G 7.6G 11G 43% /

tmpfs 497M 88K 497M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda3 194M 5.6M 179M 4% /boor

[root@kingserver111 ~]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 993 408 584 0 28 227

-/+ buffers/cache: 152 841

Swap: 999 0 999

设置源

采用网易的源和EPEL的源

http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/fedora-epel/6/i386/repoview/epel-release.html

(根据版本号下载)

yum -y install wget vim-enhanced
mv /bin/vi /bin/vi.save
ln -s /usr/bin/vim /bin/vi
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mkdir backup
mv *.repo ./backup
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm
yum list

设置主机名

关闭iptables，ip6tables，selinux

如果希望cobbler可以管理dhcp，dns，需要把dns和dhcp都安装在同一台服务器上。如果你不管理dns,可以不需要安装bind.

yum -y install cman tftp-server dhcp cobbler cobbler-web bind pykickstart xinetd httpd rsync xinetd python-ctypes debmirror

安装debmirror

需要用debmirror来下载ubuntu 12.04的源,做本地源.目前debmirrors, 只能使用rpm包安装,

yum -y install debmirror

配置Cobbler

vim /etc/cobbler/settings #Cobbler主配置文件

cp -p /etc/cobbler/settings /etc/cobbler/settings.bak

sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

1:tftp服务和rsync服务

sed -i '/disable/c\\tdisable\t\t\t= no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -i -e 's/\=\ yes/\=\ no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
service xinetd restart

2: web可以登陆

cp -p /etc/cobbler/modules.conf /etc/cobbler/modules.conf.bak

sed -i 's/authn_denyall/authn_configfile/g' /etc/cobbler/modules.conf

3: 设置cobbler web登陆,用户登陆密码

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler

4: 设置cobbler登陆服务器地址

sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.209.111/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

5：ks脚本关闭pxe，这样就不会重复安装

sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

6：TFTP服务器 IP地址

sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.209.111/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

7：cobbler管理rsync

sed -i 's/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

8：cobbler管理dhcp

sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

9：cobbler管理dns （可选）

sed -i 's/manage_dns: 0/manage_dns: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

设置root默认密码

这个设置只针对centos有效。我默认的root密码是：fengyun299

# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'fengyun299'
$1$random-p$99lAzJZEl9uunSaThe9oM0

修改 /etc/cobbler/settings

#default_password_crypted: "$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."
default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$SBOoxFrHGWHpvzS8BeGQ5/"

11: 启动相关服务

dhcp服务由于没有设置，所以无法启动。后面我们会对dhcp进行设置。另外启动named的服务时候，需要等待1,2分钟，生成一个key。

chkconfig httpd on
chkconfig cobblerd on
chkconfig named on
chkconfig dhcpd on
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
/etc/init.d/named restart

12：设置debmirror

13：启动菜单

cobbler get-loaders

检查cobbler

cobbler提供一个工具，检查你的设置。看到提示，就表示全部工作都已经完成。

对cobbler所有修改，需要

cobbler sync

检查

# cobbler check
No configuration problems found. All systems go.

四：web登陆

https://192.168.209.111/cobbler_web/distro/list user:cobbler 密码就是上面设置的。

cobbler的使用，主要是集中在上面几个菜单里。这里简单解析一下。

Distros：这个其实就是发行版，类似Centos，ubuntu，suse。centos6.2和centos6.3，是不同的distros。假设我们导入一个centos6.3的iso，就是增加了一个Distros

Profiles：针对Distros的设置，一个distros，可以保护多个profiles，包括不同的kickstart文件。源的设置，都是在这里设置。

Systems：针对是每个节点，这里可以指定节点的ip地址，dns name，还有就是ipmi的用户名和密码，实现远程开机，关机。这是一个重点，日后对机器的操作，全部在sytem的菜单里操作。system里，会指定节点使用哪个profile。

Repos：这个主要是针对Redhat和Centos有效，可以管理源，并且这些源，可以在profile里添加。比较方便。需要注意的是，对于ubuntu的源，只能在kickstart 脚本里指定。

Images：这个我没用到，看说明主要是针对不能pxe的机器，采用iso启动。

Kicsstart Templates：这是核心，cobbler内置了几个ks文件，你如果导入一个centos，系统会默认关联一个ks文件，你不需要做任何设置，就可以把os自动装完。对于ubuntu，我们就需要单独创建一个preseed文件，这些文件可以通过web管理和修改。非常方便。

Snippets：这是cobbler的精华。一些常用的设置，写成一个模块，让ks文件调用。这样更加灵活。例如centos的网络固定IP地址的设置，就是通过这里实现。

配置管理Cobbler

4.1 Cobbler命令说明

命令名称	命令用途
cobbler check	检查cobbler配置
cobbler list	列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report	列出元素的详细信息
cobbler distro	查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system	查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile	查看配置信息
cobbler sync	同步Cobbler配置，更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync	同步yum仓库

命令参考

cobbler --help

cobbler distro --help

cobbler distro add --help

4.2 Cobbler配置文件说明

Cobbler配置文件存放在/etc/cobbler下

配置文件名称	作用
/etc/cobbler/settings	Cobbler主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	模块配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.conf	Cobbler WebUI/Web 服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/	Buildiso 模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power	电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe	Pxeprofile配置模板
/etc/cobbler	此目录也包含rsync、dhcp、dns、pxe、dnsmasq等服务的模板配置文件

4.3 系统镜像数据目录/var/www/cobbler

导入的系统发行版，repos镜像和kickstart文件都放置在/var/www/cobbler目录下。确保/var目录有足够的空间来存储这些文件。

目录名称	作用
/var/www/cobbler/images/	存储所有导入发行版的Kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/	存储导入的发行版系统数据
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/	仓库存储目录
/var/log/cobbler	Cobbler日志文件 cobbler.log install.log

4.4 Cobbler数据目录/var/lib/cobbler

此目录存储和Cobbler profiles、systems、distros相关的配置。

目录名称	作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/	存放distros、repos、systems和profiles等信息配置文件，一般都是json文件
/var/lib/cobbler/snippets/	存放ks文件可以导入的脚本小片段，值得研究
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers	存放用户定义的cobbler 命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/	存放kickstart配置文件

4.5 相关日志文件

web日志存放点

/var/log/httpd/access_log

/var/log/httpd/error_log

/var/log/httpd/ssl_access_log

/var/log/httpd/ssl_error_log

Cobbler日志

/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log

/var/log/cobbler/install.log

通过Cobbler日志可以获取系统的安装状态

4.6 导入系统镜像

4.6.1 上传ISO镜像至服务器

注意下载的ISO文件要核对文件的md5值，确保数据完整性

[root@hxinstall x86_64]# md5sum CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso

8a3bf0030f192022943f83fe6b2cf373 CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso

4.6.2 创建ISO目录

mkdir -p /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/

mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd

mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.3/dvd

mkdir -p /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos6.4/dvd

4.6.3 挂载ISO镜像

mount -o loop /var/iso/Linux/Centos/x86_64/CentOS-5.8-x86_64-bin-DVD-1of2.iso /var/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/dvd

4.6.4 从DVD中导入OS数据

系统版本命名为centos5.8 架构x86_64，这时间长，耐性等待。可查看ls /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/目录文件生成情况。

[root@kingserver111 opt]# cobbler import --path=/opt/CentOS_6.0 --name=CentOS6.0 --arch=x86_64

task started: 2014-03-05_165827_import

task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Mar 5 16:58:27 2014)

Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6

Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6

Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.0-x86_64:

creating new distro: CentOS6.0-x86_64

trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.0-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS6.0-x86_64

creating new profile: CentOS6.0-x86_64

associating repos

checking for rsync repo(s)

checking for rhn repo(s)

checking for yum repo(s)

starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.0-x86_64 for CentOS6.0-x86_64

processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.0-x86_64

need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.0-x86_64

looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.0-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml

running: createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.0-x86_64/repodata/2a7e0c1da38a40e2961c0cec6acca8b8446d974b1fc055216ebde88bb4a19eb9-c6-x86_64-comps.xml /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.0-x86_64

received on stdout: Spawning worker 0 with 3689 pkgs

Workers Finished

Gathering worker results

Saving Primary metadata

Saving file lists metadata

Saving other metadata

Generating sqlite DBs

Sqlite DBs complete

received on stderr:

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

[root@kingserver111 opt]#

[root@kingserver111 opt]# echo $?

[root@kingserver111 opt]# cobbler list

distros:

CentOS6.0-x86_64

profiles:

CentOS6.0-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

4.7 删除导入的系统

cobbler profile find --distro=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 #查看配置是否存在

centos6.3-x64-x86_64

cobbler profile remove --name=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 #删除配置文件

cobbler distro remove --name=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 #删除distro

cobbler profile find --distro=centos6.3-x64-x86_64 #再查看配置已无

4.8 自定义ks

更改kickstart文件，可为http等，具体cobbler --help查看，这里采用我们自定制ks文件

ks目录位置

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/

默认的ks位置

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks

更改指定系统版本对应的ks配置文件

cobbler profile edit --name=centos5.8-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos5u8-x64.cfg

cobbler profile edit --name=centos6.3-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6u3-x64.cfg

cobbler profile edit --name=centos6.4-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6u4-x64.cfg

4.9 配置信息查看

cobbler report

distros:

==========

Name : centos5.8-xen-x86_64

Architecture : x86_64

TFTP Boot Files : {}

Breed : redhat

Comment : rhel5.8

Fetchable Files : {}

Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/images/xen/initrd.img

Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-x86_64/images/xen/vmlinuz

Kernel Options : {}

Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}

Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos5.8-xen-x86_64'}

Management Classes : []

OS Version : rhel5

Owners : ['admin']

Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>

Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>

Template Files : {}

Name : centos6.4-x86_64

Architecture : x86_64

TFTP Boot Files : {}

Breed : redhat

Comment : rhel6.4

Fetchable Files : {}

Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img

Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz

Kernel Options : {}

Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}

Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos6.4-x86_64'}

Management Classes : []

OS Version : rhel6

Owners : ['admin']

Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>

Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>

Template Files : {}

……略……

systems:

==========

repos:

==========

images:

==========

mgmtclasses:

==========

packages:

==========

files:

==========

4.10 系统版本列表

cobbler distro list

centos5.8-x86_64

centos5.8-xen-x86_64

centos6.3-x86_64

centos6.4-x86_64

4.11 同步Cobbler配置

建议先执行cobbler check进行配置检查再执行cobbler sync，修改cobbler配置后都需要执行此步骤

cobbler check

No configuration problems found. All systems go.

cobbler sync

task started: 2013-03-12_171702_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Mar 12 17:17:02 2013)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

……略……

rendering Rsync files

running post-sync triggers

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

running: dhcpd -t -q

received on stdout:

received on stderr:

running: service dhcpd restart

received on stdout: Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]

Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]

received on stderr:

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

4.12 创建PXE菜单密码

增加装机安全设置菜单密码

生成hash密码

支持两种不同类型的密码：

sha1pass mypassword

或

openssl passwd -1 -salt sXiKzkus mypassword

我这里选择后者

# openssl passwd -1 -salt sXiKzkus hexun

$1$sXiKzkus$2DoZ6pfTe8rrc0Si60ecB/

编辑配置文件pxedefault，添加如下蓝色部分

vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template

DEFAULT menu

PROMPT 0

MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://fedorahosted.org/cobbler

MENU MASTER PASSWD $1$sXiKzkus$2DoZ6pfTe8rrc0Si60ecB/

TIMEOUT 200

TOTALTIMEOUT 6000

ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile

LABEL local

MENU LABEL (local)

MENU DEFAULT

LOCALBOOT -1

$pxe_menu_items

MENU end

配置pxeprofile，增加蓝色部分

vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxeprofile.template

LABEL $profile_name

MENU PASSWD

kernel $kernel_path

$menu_label

$append_line

ipappend 2

修改完毕注意检查、同步配置使其生效

cobbler check

No configuration problems found. All systems go.

cobbler sync

4.13 定制PXE菜单TITLE

编辑pxedefault文件，

vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template

MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://fedorahosted.org/cobbler

将原文上面的内容根据自定义进行修改

MENU TITLE Hexun Automation Install System

修改后的文件

DEFAULT menu

PROMPT 0

MENU TITLE Hexun Automation Install System

MENU MASTER PASSWD $1$sXiKzkus$2DoZ6pfTe8rrc0Si60ecB/

TIMEOUT 200

TOTALTIMEOUT 6000

ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile

LABEL local

MENU LABEL (local)

MENU DEFAULT

LOCALBOOT -1

$pxe_menu_items

MENU end

修改完毕执行如下两条命令

cobbler check

cobbler sync

4.14 添加指定客户机系统配置到Cobbler

4.14.1 指定一个网段使用特定的装机配置

cobbler system add --name=networktest --ip-address=192.168.209.0 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --profile=CentOS6.0-x86_64

4.14.2 添加一个指定服务器的装机配置

指定服务器就是绑定它的mac地址，并设置好ip、dns、hostname

定义系统

cobbler system add --name=kingserver230 --hostname=kingserver230 --mac=00:50:56:2E:96:D2 --interface=eth0 --ip-address=192.168.209.230 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.209.1 --static=1 --profile=CentOS6.0-x86_64

查看定义的系统列表

[root@kingserver110 kickstarts]# cobbler system list

kingserver220

kingserver230

networktest

更多参数见cobbler system add --help

五、Cobbler Web管理

Cobbler web界面是一个很好的前端，非常容易管理Cobbler

可以添加和删除 system distro profile

可以查看、编辑distros, profiles, subprofiles, systems, repos 、 kickstart文件

5.1 安装cobbler_web

yum -y install cobbler-web

5.2 设置用户名密码

为已存在的用户cobbler重置密码

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler

添加新用户

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" your_newname

5.3 配置cobbler web可以登录

sed -i 's/authn_denyall/authn_configfile/g' /etc/cobbler/modules.conf

5.4 重启Cobbler与http

/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

/etc/init.d/httpd restart

三、Cobbler 常用命令汇总

1.导入镜像文件

命令：cobbler import --path=镜像路径 -- name=安装引导名 --arch=32位或64位

参数：

name 是导入到cobbler里面显示的名字

arch 是32位系统还是64位系统

2.导入kickstart文件

命令：cobbler profile add --name=list名 --distro=镜像 --kickstart=路径

参数：

name是表示添加的ks 的名字，用cobbler report可以看到这个名字

distro 是用哪个镜像，list的distros里面选择一个，需要版本相对应

kickstart 是具体的 ks 文件路径

3.同步DHCP、HTTPD

命令：cobbler sync

注，每次修改完dhcp.template之类的配置文件需要执行一次使其生效。

4.查看Cobbler列表

命令：cobbler list

注，列出Cobbler所有的元素。

5.删除相关列表

命令：cobbler distro/profile remove --name=要删除的引导文件名

删除指定 distro , 也就是镜像

删除指定的 profile 文件，也就是 ks

四、Cobbler 各种目录说明(注，这里只介绍重点的文件或目录 )

1.cobbler配置文件目录/etc/cobbler

[root@node2 cobbler]# ls /etc/cobbler/

auth.conf cobblerd.service dnsmasq.template mongodb.conf rsync.exclude users.conf

cheetah_macros cobbler_web.conf import_rsync_whitelist named.template rsync.template users.digest

cobbler_bash completions iso power secondary.template version

cobbler.conf dhcp.template ldap pxe settings zone.template

cobblerd_rotate distro_signatures.json modules.conf reporting tftpd.template zone_templates

/etc/cobbler/settings cobbler主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/ iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe pxe模板文件
/etc/cobbler/power 电源的配置文件

/etc/cobbler/users.conf Web 服务授权配置文件

/etc/cobbler/users.digest 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件

/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template DHCP服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template DNS服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template tftp服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/modules.conf Cobbler模块配置文件

2.cobbler数据目录/var/lib/cobbler

[root@node2 cobbler]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/

config distro_signatures.json kickstarts loaders lock scripts snippets triggers web.ss

[root@node2 config]# ls

distros.d files.d images.d mgmtclasses.d packages.d profiles.d repos.d systems.d

[root@node2 loaders]# ls

COPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README

COPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot

/var/lib/cobbler/config/ 用于存放distros、systems、profiles等信息配置文件

/var/lib/cobbler/triggers 用于存放用户定义的cobbler 命令

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ 默认存放kickstart文件

/var/lib/cobbler/loaders 存放的各种引导程序

3.镜像数据目录/var/www/cobbler

1 2	[root@node2 cobbler]# ls aux images ks_mirror links localmirror pub rendered repo_mirror svc

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ 导入的发行版系统的所有数据

/var/www/cobbler/images/ 导入发行版的Kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动

/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ yum仓库存储目录

4.日志目录 /var/log/cobbler/

[root@node2 cobbler]# ls

anamon cobbler.log install.log kicklog syslog tasks

[root@node2 cobbler]# cat install.log

profile CentOS-5.5-x86_64 192.168.18.222 start 1384219313.49

profile CentOS-5.5-x86_64 192.168.18.222 stop 1384219512.05

/var/log/cobbler/install.log 客户端的安装系统日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log cobbler日志

下面我们来具体看一下sample.ks的内容。

[root@node2 ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

# System authorization information

auth --useshadow --enablemd5 #用户登录认证

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr #mbr引导

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel #默认清除所以分区

# Use text mode install

text #默认以文本模式安装

# Firewall configuration

firewall --enabled #防火墙默认开启

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --disable #禁用启动代理

# System keyboard

keyboard us #默认英文键盘

# System language

lang en_US #默认语言英文

# Use network installation

url --url=$tree #网络安装路径

# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.

$yum_repo_stanza #默认的yum仓库

# Network information

$SNIPPET('network_config')

# Reboot after installation

reboot #安装完成后重启

#Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted #密码是我们/etc/cobbler/settings设置密码

# SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled #默认关闭selinux

# Do not configure the X Window System

skipx #默认没有安装图形界面

# System timezone

timezone America/New_York #默认时区是美国/纽约

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install #定义的是安装系统而不是升级系统

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr #默认清空所有的mbr

# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed

autopart #默认自动分区

#下面就是Cobbler自定执行的一些脚本，我就不解释了。

%pre

$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')

$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')

$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')

# Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%packages

$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')

$SNIPPET('puppet_install_if_enabled')

%post

$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')

# Start yum configuration

$yum_config_stanza

# End yum configuration

$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')

$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')

$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')

$SNIPPET('puppet_register_if_enabled')

$SNIPPET('download_config_files')

$SNIPPET('koan_environment')

$SNIPPET('redhat_register')

$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')

# Enable post-install boot notification

$SNIPPET('post_anamon')

# Start final steps

$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')

# End final steps

7、 RPM 仓库管理（根据需要自己决定吧）

我们可以为cobbler 添加 RPM 仓库：

cobbler repo add --name= RHEL5.6-x86-64 --mirror= http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/

cobbler repo add --name= EPEL5.-x86-64 --mirror= http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/5/x86_64/

同步仓库到本地：

cobbler reposync

也可以通过设置--mirror-locally=0 不下载到本地，而通过 kickstart server 去仓库下载 rpm 包。

添加计划任务，每天凌晨两点进行一次同步：

crontab -e

0 2 * * * cobbler reposync --tries=3 --no-fail

8、设置 profile 和 system （这个功能比较牛 P。需要深入研究哈）

profile可以理解为按角色进行分类。

cobbler profile add --name=webserver --distro=CentOS-5-i386 --repos=EPEL-5-i386 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/webserver.ks

system是对待安装机器做具体设置，如设置主机名、 IP 地址、 hostname 等，这些设置根据 MAC 应用到具体机器上。

# cobbler system add --name=webserver1 --ip=192.168.0.110 --mac=00:0C:29:77:89:c7 --profile=webserver --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/webserver.ks --static=1

# cobbler system edit --name=webserver1 --dns-name=webserver1.grid.house.sina.com.cn --hostname=webserver1.grid.house.sina.com.cn

cobbler system edit --name=webserver1 --gateway=192.168.0.1 --subnet=255.255.255.0

cobbler system edit --name=webserver1 --interface=eth1 --static=0

可以通过访问http://192.168.0.2/cblr/svc/op/ks/system/webserver1 来查看真正的 kickstart 配置。

12、 Cobbler 命令说明

cobbler check - 核对当前设置是否有问题

cobbler list - 列出所有的 cobbler 元素

cobbler report - 详细的列出个元素

cobbler sync - 同步配置到 dhcp/pxe 和数据目录

cobbler reposync - 同步 yum 仓库

13、 Cobbler 配置文件说明

Cobbler配置文件存放在 /etc/cobbler 下。 /etc/cobbler/settings 为主配置文件；在 /etc/cobbler 下你还能看到 dhcp 、 dns 、 pxe 、 dnsmasq 的模板配置文件； /etc/cobbler/users.digest 为用于 web 访问的用户名密码配置文件； /etc/cobbler/modules.conf 为模块配置文件；/etc/cobbler/users.conf 为 Cobbler WebUI/Web service 授权配置文件。

Repo数据目录 /var/www/cobbler

导入的发行版，repos 镜像和 kickstart 文件都放置在 /var/www/cobbler 目录下。确保 /var 目录有足够的空间来存储这些文件。

images/ - 存储所有导入发行版的 Kernel 和 initrd 镜像用于远程网络启动

ks_mirror/ - 存储导入的发行版

repo_mirror/ - yum repos存储目录

/var/log/cobbler用于存放日志文件 /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log

Cobbler数据目录 /var/lib/cobbler ，此目录存储和 Cobbler profiles 、 systems 、 distros 相关的配置。

configs/ - 此目录用于存储 distros 、 repos 、 systems 和 profiles 相关信息

backup/ - 备份目录

snippets/ - 用于放置一些可以在 kickstarts 导入的脚本小片段

triggers/ - 此目录用来放置一些可执行脚本

kickstarts/ - 此目录用来放置 kickstart 模板文件

与Puppet 整合进行配置管理：这个功能后续在研究吧。先写到这里。感谢你的支持。

一个ks.cfg

# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use text mode install
text
#Use CDROM installation media
cdrom
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
#Skip the X Configuration
skipx
#Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.9.230/cobbler/ks_mirror/kerryOS-1.0-i386
#Network information
#network --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip 192.168.9.226 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --gateway 192.168.9.1 --nameserver 192.168.9.1 --noipv6 --onboot=yes --hostname kerry-web-001
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 --hostname kerry-web-001
#root -- 1q2w3e
rootpw --iscrypted $1$n07CbCot$GP.VBeICPHj.QkJb5Y2C2.
firewall --disabled
#System authorization information
authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5
selinux --disabled
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr yes
# Set the Mouse
mouse generic3ps/2
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
#Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=200 --asprimary
part / --fstype ext3 --size=10000
part swap --size=2048
part /data --fstype ext3 --size=1 --grow
#--- Reboot the host after installation is done
reboot
%packages
%packages
@base
@core
@development-libs
@development-tools
@editors
@text-internet
keyutils
trousers
fipscheck
device-mapper-multipath
imake
%post --nochroot
# Mount CDROM
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
mount -r -t iso9660 /tmp/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
cp /mnt/cdrom/ipmod /mnt/sysimage/root/ipmod > /dev/null
umount /mnt/cdrom
%post
#vim syntax on
sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc 2>/dev/null
echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc 2>/dev/null
#init_ssh

ssh_cf="/etc/ssh/sshd_config"

sed -i -e '74 s/^/#/' -i -e '76 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/" $ssh_cf
#client
sed -i -e '44 s/^/#/' -i -e '48 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
# Remove the ISO File translation files
find / -name TRANS.TBL -exec rm {} \; /dev/null 2>/dev/null
# Remove some unneeded services
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| === Welcome to Tunoff services === |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`
echo $CURSRV
case $CURSRV in
crond | irqbalance | microcode_ctl | network | random | sshd | syslog | local )
echo "Base services, Skip!"
;;
*)
echo "change $CURSRV to off"
chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
service $CURSRV stop
;;
esac
done
# file descriptors
ulimit -HSn 65535
echo -ne "
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
#set sysctl
true > /etc/sysctl.conf
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

EOF
/sbin/sysctl -p
#close ctrl+alt+del
sed -i "s/ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/#ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/" /etc/inittab
#set purview