matplotlib绘制常用统计图

常见统计图：单条折线图、多条折线图、直方图、柱状图、饼状图

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt


def init():
    mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = [u'SimHei']  # 正常显示中文（FangSong/黑体 FangSong/KaiTi）
    mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 正常显示负号


# 单线折线图
def zxt1(x,y):
    plt.figure(facecolor='w')
    plt.plot(x, y, 'ro-', label='func1', linewidth=2)
    plt.legend(loc='upper center')
    plt.xlabel('X',fontsize=16)
    plt.ylabel('Y',fontsize=16)
    plt.scatter(4, 0, color='b')  # 标注特殊点
    plt.text(4,0,(4,0))   # 标注文本
    plt.title('单线折线图',fontsize=18)
    plt.grid(True)  # 显示网格
    plt.show()


# 多线折线图
def zxt2(x,y1,y2):
    plt.figure(facecolor='w')
    plt.plot(x, y1, 'ro-', label='func1', linewidth=2)
    plt.plot(x, y2, 'g*-', label='func2', linewidth=2)
    plt.legend(loc='upper center')
    plt.xlabel('X',fontsize=16)
    plt.ylabel('Y',fontsize=16)
    plt.title('多线折线图',fontsize=18)
    plt.grid(True)  # 显示网格
    plt.show()


# 直方图
def zft(x):
    plt.figure(facecolor='w')
    plt.hist(x, bins=10, facecolor='green', align='mid', alpha=0.75)
    plt.xlabel('X')
    plt.ylabel('Count')
    plt.title('直方图')
    plt.show()


# 柱状图
def zzt(x,y):
    rect = plt.bar(x, y, width=0.5, color="green", align="center")
    # plt.xticks(x, ('低级','中级','高级','顶级'))  # 转换x轴坐标文本
    plt.xlabel("X-axis")
    plt.ylabel("Y-axis")
    plt.title("柱状图")
    # plt.grid(True)  # 显示网格
    plt.legend((rect,), ("图例",))
    autolabel(rect)
    plt.show()


# 标注柱形图y值的函数
def autolabel(rects):
    for rect in rects:
        height = rect.get_height()
        plt.text(rect.get_x()+rect.get_width()/2., 1.03*height, "%s" % float(height))


# 饼状图
def bzt(x):
    labels = '大学', '国企', '外资', '民营'
    explode = [0, 0.1, 0, 0]  # 0.1 凸出这部分，
    plt.axes(aspect=1)  # set this , Figure is round, otherwise it is an ellipse
    plt.pie(x=x, labels=labels, explode=explode, autopct='%3.1f %%',
            shadow=True, labeldistance=1.1, startangle=90, pctdistance=0.6)
    plt.show()


# 绘图示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    init()

    x = np.linspace(1,10,20)
    y = (x-4)**2
    y1 = (x-4)**2
    y2 = 2*x+3
    list = [1,1,1,2,5,6,6,7,7,7,7]
    fracs = [15, 30.55, 44.44, 10]
    x3 = [1,2,3,4]
    y3 = [2,4,6,8]

    zxt1(x,y)
    # zxt2(x,y1,y2)
    # zft(list)
    # zzt(x3, y3)
    # bzt(fracs)

 

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ouym/p/9356814.html