http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python下载安装。
$ tar -xzvf MySQL-python-0.9.2.tar.gz $ cd MySQL-python-0.9.2 $ python setup.py build $ python setup.py install
再检查:
然后我们用以下这个数据表:
然后用这个短小的python 代码,检索并打印出每条记录
#!/usr/bin/python
# import MySQL module
import MySQLdb
# connect
db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="joe", passwd="secret",
db="db56a")
# create a cursor
cursor = db.cursor()
# execute SQL statement
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM animals")
# get the resultset as a tuple
result = cursor.fetchall()
# iterate through resultset
for record in result:
print record[0] , "-->", record[1]
然后我们一步一步认识下这个过程,先是 python 导入 MySQLdb module
之后打开一个数据库连接,需要参数 服务器,用户名,密码,数据库名# import MySQL module import MySQLdb
成功连接后可以得到一个db对象,可以生成游标# connect db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="joe", passwd="secret", db="db56a")
这个游标用于执行SQL,并返回得到的结果# create a cursor cursor = db.cursor()
# execute SQL statement cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM animals") # get the resultset as a tuple result = cursor.fetchall()
有很多种方法去获得这个SQL 结果,这里使用的是fetchall(),他会返回一个元祖集,它里面的每一个元祖表示一行数据,可以用for进行循环显示每一个数据。
# iterate through resultset for record in result: print record[0] , "-->", record[1]
也可以用fetchone()每次去获取一条数据,看下面的例子:
#!/usr/bin/python # import MySQL module import MySQLdb # connect db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="joe", passwd="secret", db="db56a") # create a cursor cursor = db.cursor() # execute SQL statement cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM animals") # get the number of rows in the resultset numrows = int(cursor.rowcount) # get and display one row at a time for x in range(0,numrows): row = cursor.fetchone() print row[0], "-->", row[1]
这里,我们先用游标的rowcount ()方法去获取结果集的条数。然后用在for循环中,去用fetchone()方法去获取每行数据。
我们还可以用fetchmany()方法去指定获取的条数。
#!/usr/bin/python # import MySQL module import MySQLdb # connect db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="joe", passwd="secret", db="db56a") # create a cursor cursor = db.cursor() # execute SQL statement cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM animals") # limit the resultset to 3 items result = cursor.fetchmany(3) # iterate through resultset for record in result: print record[0] , "-->", record[1]
很明显的,你可以执行 插入,更新 和 删除通过 MySQLdb module
#!/usr/bin/python
# import MySQL module
import MySQLdb
# connect
db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="joe", passwd="secret",
db="db56a")
# create a cursor
cursor = db.cursor()
# execute SQL statement
cursor.execute("""INSERT INTO animals (name, species) VALUES ("Harry",
"Hamster")""")
修改一下,我们让用户输入信息,保存到数据库
#!/usr/bin/python
# import MySQL module
import MySQLdb
# get user input
name = raw_input("Please enter a name: ")
species = raw_input("Please enter a species: ")
# connect
db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="joe", passwd="secret",
db="db56a")
# create a cursor
cursor = db.cursor()
# execute SQL statement
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO animals (name, species) VALUES (%s, %s)",
(name, species))
这次运行的时候,你需要输入信息:
注意%s位置 会被 (name,species)元组的值 替换。
如果你有自动增长的字段,你可以使用insert_id()去获取最后一条插入的数据的ID。
#!/usr/bin/python # import MySQL module import MySQLdb # connect db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="joe", passwd="secret", db="db56a") # create a cursor cursor = db.cursor() # execute SQL statement cursor.execute("""INSERT INTO test (field1, field2) VALUES ("val1", "val2")""") # get ID of last inserted record print "ID of inserted record is ", int(cursor.insert_id())
许多数据库脚本涉及到多次的数据操作(比如插入),每次插入大量的不同的值,MySQLdb有一个executemany()方法,可以简化这种操作。
看下面的例子:
#!/usr/bin/python
# import SQL module
import MySQLdb
# connect
db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="joe", passwd="secret",
db="db56a")
# create a cursor
cursor = db.cursor()
# dynamically generate SQL statements from list
cursor.executemany("INSERT INTO animals (name, species) VALUES (%s,
%s)", [ ('Rollo', 'Rat'), ('Dudley', 'Dolphin'), ('Mark', 'Marmoset')
])
这里,同样的操作被执行了很多遍(不同的值),通过传递给executemany()一个Python list,每个元素是一个元组。
用这种方式,我们可以让用户一次输入大量的数据,然后一次性保存。
#!/usr/bin/python
# import MySQL module
import MySQLdb
# initialize some variables
name = ""
data = []
# loop and ask for user input
while (1):
name = raw_input("Please enter a name (EOF to end): ")
if name == "EOF":
break
species = raw_input("Please enter a species: ")
# put user input into a tuple
tuple = (name, species)
# and append to data[] list
data.append(tuple)
# connect
db = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="joe", passwd="secret",
db="db56a")
# create a cursor
cursor = db.cursor()
# dynamically generate SQL statements from data[] list
cursor.executemany("INSERT INTO animals (name, species) VALUES (%s,
%s)",
data)
这里我们用while 循环让用户输入信息,保存到values 列表,当用户输入完成的时候,执行executemany()
MySQLdb 类还有很多其他有用的方法 :
connection.begin() - 开始一个事务
connection.apilevel() - returns the current DB APIlevel
connection.conv() - set type conversion options between MySQL and Python
connection.commit() - commit a transaction
connection.rollback() - roll back a transaction
有用的链接:
The MySQLdb project page on SourceForge, athttp://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python
The Python home page, at http://www.python.org/
The MySQL home page, at http://www.mysql.com/
Note: All examples in this article have been tested on Linux/i586 with Python 1.5.2, MySQL 3.23 and MySQLdb 0.9.2. Examples are illustrative only, and are not meant for a production environment. Melonfire provides no warranties or support for the source code described in this article. YMMV!