R语言数据储存与读取
1 首先用getwd() 获得当前目录,用setwd("C:/data")设定当前目录
2 数据保存
创建数据框d
d <- data.frame(obs = c(1, 2, 3), treat = c("A", "B", "A"), weight = c(2.3, NA, 9))
2.1 保存为简单文本
write.table(d, file = "c:/data/foo.txt", row.names = F, quote = F) # 空格分隔 write.table(d, file = "c:/data/foo.txt", row.names = F, quote = F, sep="\t") # tab 分隔的文件
2.2 保存为逗号分割文本
write.csv(d, file = "c:/data/foo.csv", row.names = F, quote = F)
2.3 保存为R格式文件
save(d, file = "c:/data/foo.Rdata")
2.4 保存工作空间镜像
save.image( ) = save(list =ls(all=TRUE), file=".RData")
3 数据读取
读取函数主要有:read.table( ), scan( ) ,read.fwf( ),readLines().
3.1 用 read.table( ) 读 "c:\data” 下houses.dat
setwd("C:/data"); HousePrice <- read.table(file="houses.dat")
如果明确数据第一行做表头,则使用header选项
HousePrice <- read.table("houses.dat", header=TRUE)
read.table( ) 变形有: read.csv( ),read.csv2( ), read.delim( ), read.delim2( ).前两读取逗号分割数据,后两个读取其他分割符数据。
3.2 用scan( ) 比read.table( ) 更灵活。
但要指定 变量类型:如:C:\data\data.dat:
M 65 168 M 70 172 F 54 156 F 58 163 mydata <- scan("data.dat", what = list("", 0, 0)) mydata <- scan("data.dat", what = list(Sex="", Weight=0, Height=0))
3.3 用read.fwf( )读取文件中一些固定宽度数据
如:C:\data\data.txt:
A1.501.2 A1.551.3 B1.601.4 mydata <- read.fwf("data.txt", widths=c(1, 4, 3), col.names=c("X","Y","Z"))
4 excel格式数据读取
4.1 利用剪切板
选择excel数据,再用(CTRL+C)复制。在R中键入命令:
mydata <- read.delim("clipboard")
4.2 使用程序包 RODBC.
如: c:\data\body.xls
Sex Weight Height M 65 168 M 70 172 F 54 156 F 58 163 library(RODBC) z <- odbcConnectExcel("c:/data/body.xls") foo <- sqlFetch(z, "Sheet1") close(z)
To an Excel Spreadsheet 保存为Excel文件:
library(xlsx) # 注意: 软件包需要安装
write.xlsx(mydata, "c:/mydata.xlsx") # 参考: https://danganothererror.wordpress.com/2012/02/12/write-data-frame-to-excel-file/
The WriteXLS function from the WriteXLS package (link: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/WriteXLS/index.html) can write data to Excel.
Alternatively, write.xlsx from the xlsx package (link: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xlsx/) will also work.
注意:
1 writeLines 会在最后一行/或者每行末尾加一个换行符
# fileConn<-file(output_fasta) # writeLines(mystr, fileConn) # close(fileConn)
2 另外一个写文件的方法是sink,不会在行末加换行符
sink(output_fasta) cat(mystr) sink()
write
is a wrapper for cat
, which gives further details on the format used.
save
for writing any R objects, write.table
for data frames, and scan
for reading data.