sockert组成部分_IOT-OS之RT-Thread（十六）--- WLAN管理框架 + AP6181(BCM43362) WiFi模块

1、WLAN管理框架简介

随着物联网快速发展，愈来愈多的嵌入式设备上搭载了 WIFI 无线网络设备，为了可以管理 WIFI 网络设备，RT-Thread 引入了 WLAN 设备管理框架。这套框架是 RT-Thread 开发的一套用于管理 WIFI 的中间件：对下链接具体的 WIFI 驱动，控制 WIFI 的链接、断开、扫描等操做；对上承载不一样的应用，为应用提供 WIFI 控制、事件、数据导流等操做，为上层应用提供统一的 WIFI 控制接口。html

WLAN 框架主要由四个部分组成：Device 驱动接口层，为 WLAN 框架提供统一的调用接口；Manage 管理层为用户提供 WIFI 扫描、链接、断线重连等具体功能；Protocol 协议负责处理 WIFI 上产生的网络数据流，可根据不一样的使用场景挂载不一样网络协议栈(好比 LWIP )；Config配置层能够保存 WIFI 配置参数，为用户提供自动链接服务(可从Flash读取曾经链接过的热点配置信息)。WIFI 框架层次图示以下：

WLAN管理框架各层功能简介以下：git

APP应用层：是基于 WLAN 框架的具体应用，如 WiFi 相关的 Shell 命令；

Airkiss / Voice 配网层：提供无线配网和声波配网等功能；

WLAN Manager 管理层：可以对 WLAN 设备进行控制和管理，具有设置模式、链接热点、断开热点、启动热点、扫描热点等 WLAN 控制相关的功能，还提供断线重连、自动切换热点等管理功能；

WLAN Protocol 协议层：将数据流递交给具体网络协议进行解析，用户能够指定使用不一样的协议进行通讯(本文使用LwIP协议)；

WLAN Config 参数管理层：管理链接成功的热点信息及密码，并写入非易失的存储介质中，能够为用户提供自动链接曾连热点的服务；

WLAN Device 驱动接口层：对接具体 WLAN 硬件(本文使用AP6181 WIFI 模块)，为管理层提供统一的调用接口。

在WLAN Protocol 与 APP 层之间还应包含网络协议层(好比LwIP)，甚至是套接字抽象层SAL(包括网络设备无关层netdev)，这些并无表如今上面的WLAN 框架图中，下文介绍LwIP协议栈移植时再详说。github

2、WLAN Device实现与AP6181 WLAN驱动移植

2.1 WLAN Device驱动接口层

WLAN设备数据结构

// rt-thread-4.0.1\components\drivers\wlan\wlan_dev.h

struct rt_wlan_device

{

struct rt_device device;

rt_wlan_mode_t mode;

struct rt_mutex lock;

struct rt_wlan_dev_event_desc handler_table[RT_WLAN_DEV_EVT_MAX][RT_WLAN_DEV_EVENT_NUM];

rt_wlan_pormisc_callback_t pormisc_callback;

const struct rt_wlan_dev_ops *ops;

rt_uint32_t flags;

void *prot;

void *user_data;

};

typedef enum

{

RT_WLAN_NONE,

RT_WLAN_STATION,

RT_WLAN_AP,

RT_WLAN_MODE_MAX

} rt_wlan_mode_t;

struct rt_wlan_dev_event_desc

{

rt_wlan_dev_event_handler handler;

void *parameter;

};

typedef void (*rt_wlan_dev_event_handler)(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_wlan_dev_event_t event, struct rt_wlan_buff *buff, void *parameter);

typedef void (*rt_wlan_pormisc_callback_t)(struct rt_wlan_device *device, void *data, int len);

struct rt_wlan_dev_ops

{

rt_err_t (*wlan_init)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan);

rt_err_t (*wlan_mode)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, rt_wlan_mode_t mode);

rt_err_t (*wlan_scan)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, struct rt_scan_info *scan_info);

rt_err_t (*wlan_join)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, struct rt_sta_info *sta_info);

rt_err_t (*wlan_softap)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, struct rt_ap_info *ap_info);

rt_err_t (*wlan_disconnect)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan);

rt_err_t (*wlan_ap_stop)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan);

rt_err_t (*wlan_ap_deauth)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, rt_uint8_t mac[]);

rt_err_t (*wlan_scan_stop)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan);

int (*wlan_get_rssi)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan);

rt_err_t (*wlan_set_powersave)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, int level);

int (*wlan_get_powersave)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan);

rt_err_t (*wlan_cfg_promisc)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, rt_bool_t start);

rt_err_t (*wlan_cfg_filter)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, struct rt_wlan_filter *filter);

rt_err_t (*wlan_set_channel)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, int channel);

int (*wlan_get_channel)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan);

rt_err_t (*wlan_set_country)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, rt_country_code_t country_code);

rt_country_code_t (*wlan_get_country)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan);

rt_err_t (*wlan_set_mac)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, rt_uint8_t mac[]);

rt_err_t (*wlan_get_mac)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, rt_uint8_t mac[]);

int (*wlan_recv)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, void *buff, int len);

int (*wlan_send)(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, void *buff, int len);

};

结构体 rt_wlan_device 继承自设备基类 rt_device，天然须要将其注册到 I/O 设备管理层。rt_wlan_device 成员还包括WLAN设备工做模式(Access Point模式仍是Station模式)、WLAN设备访问互斥锁、WLAN事件回调函数组、WLAN混杂模式回调函数、须要底层驱动实现并注册的WLAN接口函数集合rt_wlan_dev_ops、WLAN标识位(用于标识工做模式或自动链接状态等)、WLAN设备使用的网络协议栈信息、私有数据等。web

WLAN接口函数及设备注册过程

WLAN设备驱动(这里指的是AP6181 WLAN驱动)须要向WLAN管理框架注册接口函数集合rt_wlan_dev_ops，以便WLAN管理框架对外提供的接口能正常工做，这个函数集合rt_wlan_dev_ops是如何注册到WLAN管理框架的呢？算法

// rt-thread-4.0.1\components\drivers\wlan\wlan_dev.c

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_register(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, const char *name, const struct rt_wlan_dev_ops *ops, rt_uint32_t flag, void *user_data)

{

rt_err_t err = RT_EOK;

if ((wlan == RT_NULL) || (name == RT_NULL) || (ops == RT_NULL))

......

rt_memset(wlan, 0, sizeof(struct rt_wlan_device));

#ifdef RT_USING_DEVICE_OPS

wlan->device.ops = &wlan_ops;

#else

......

#endif

wlan->device.user_data = RT_NULL;

wlan->device.type = RT_Device_Class_NetIf;

wlan->ops = ops;

wlan->user_data = user_data;

wlan->flags = flag;

err = rt_device_register(&wlan->device, name, RT_DEVICE_FLAG_RDWR);

return err;

}

#ifdef RT_USING_DEVICE_OPS

const static struct rt_device_ops wlan_ops =

{

_rt_wlan_dev_init,

RT_NULL,

RT_NULL,

RT_NULL,

RT_NULL,

_rt_wlan_dev_control

};

#endif

从函数rt_wlan_dev_register 的代码能够看出，该函数不只完成了将函数集合rt_wlan_dev_ops注册到WLAN管理框架的工做(经过参数传递)，还完成了将函数集合wlan_ops(经过调用rt_wlan_dev_ops接口实现的rt_device_ops接口)注册到 I/O 设备管理框架的工做，注册的WLAN设备类型为网络接口设备RT_Device_Class_NetIf。编程

完成WLAN设备向WLAN管理框架和 I/O 设备管理框架的注册后，就可使用 I/O 设备管理层接口或WLAN Device层提供的接口访问WLAN设备了，咱们先看下WLAN设备向 I/O 设备管理层注册的函数集合 wlan_ops 的实现代码：api

// rt-thread-4.0.1\components\drivers\wlan\wlan_dev.c

static rt_err_t _rt_wlan_dev_init(rt_device_t dev)

{

struct rt_wlan_device *wlan = (struct rt_wlan_device *)dev;

rt_err_t result = RT_EOK;

rt_mutex_init(&wlan->lock, "wlan_dev", RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO);

if (wlan->ops->wlan_init)

result = wlan->ops->wlan_init(wlan);

......

return result;

}

static rt_err_t _rt_wlan_dev_control(rt_device_t dev, int cmd, void *args)

{

struct rt_wlan_device *wlan = (struct rt_wlan_device *)dev;

rt_err_t err = RT_EOK;

WLAN_DEV_LOCK(wlan);

switch (cmd)

{

case RT_WLAN_CMD_MODE:

{

rt_wlan_mode_t mode = *((rt_wlan_mode_t *)args);

if (wlan->ops->wlan_mode)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_mode(wlan, mode);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_SCAN:

{

struct rt_scan_info *scan_info = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_scan)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_scan(wlan, scan_info);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_JOIN:

{

struct rt_sta_info *sta_info = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_join)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_join(wlan, sta_info);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_SOFTAP:

{

struct rt_ap_info *ap_info = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_softap)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_softap(wlan, ap_info);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_DISCONNECT:

{

if (wlan->ops->wlan_disconnect)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_disconnect(wlan);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_AP_STOP:

{

if (wlan->ops->wlan_ap_stop)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_ap_stop(wlan);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_AP_DEAUTH:

{

if (wlan->ops->wlan_ap_deauth)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_ap_deauth(wlan, args);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_SCAN_STOP:

{

if (wlan->ops->wlan_scan_stop)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_scan_stop(wlan);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_GET_RSSI:

{

int *rssi = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_get_rssi)

*rssi = wlan->ops->wlan_get_rssi(wlan);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_SET_POWERSAVE:

{

int level = *((int *)args);

if (wlan->ops->wlan_set_powersave)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_set_powersave(wlan, level);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_GET_POWERSAVE:

{

int *level = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_get_powersave)

*level = wlan->ops->wlan_get_powersave(wlan);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_CFG_PROMISC:

{

rt_bool_t start = *((rt_bool_t *)args);

if (wlan->ops->wlan_cfg_promisc)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_cfg_promisc(wlan, start);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_CFG_FILTER:

{

struct rt_wlan_filter *filter = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_cfg_filter)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_cfg_filter(wlan, filter);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_SET_CHANNEL:

{

int channel = *(int *)args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_set_channel)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_set_channel(wlan, channel);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_GET_CHANNEL:

{

int *channel = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_get_channel)

*channel = wlan->ops->wlan_get_channel(wlan);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_SET_COUNTRY:

{

rt_country_code_t country = *(rt_country_code_t *)args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_set_country)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_set_country(wlan, country);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_GET_COUNTRY:

{

rt_country_code_t *country = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_get_country)

*country = wlan->ops->wlan_get_country(wlan);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_SET_MAC:

{

rt_uint8_t *mac = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_set_mac)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_set_mac(wlan, mac);

break;

}

case RT_WLAN_CMD_GET_MAC:

{

rt_uint8_t *mac = args;

if (wlan->ops->wlan_get_mac)

err = wlan->ops->wlan_get_mac(wlan, mac);

break;

}

default:

break;

}

WLAN_DEV_UNLOCK(wlan);

return err;

}

函数集合 wlan_ops 的实现最终都是靠调用WLAN设备驱动提供的函数集合rt_wlan_dev_ops，并且WLAN设备的管理配置主要靠函数rt_device_control 经过发送不一样的命令码和参数实现。WLAN Device层提供的接口函数又是经过调用函数集合 wlan_ops 实现的，下面给出WLAN Device层对外提供的接口函数声明：数组

// rt-thread-4.0.1\components\drivers\wlan\wlan_dev.h

/* wlan device init */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_init(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_wlan_mode_t mode);

/* wlan device station interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_connect(struct rt_wlan_device *device, struct rt_wlan_info *info, const char *password, int password_len);

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_disconnect(struct rt_wlan_device *device);

int rt_wlan_dev_get_rssi(struct rt_wlan_device *device);

/* wlan device ap interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_ap_start(struct rt_wlan_device *device, struct rt_wlan_info *info, const char *password, int password_len);

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_ap_stop(struct rt_wlan_device *device);

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_ap_deauth(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_uint8_t mac[6]);

/* wlan device scan interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_scan(struct rt_wlan_device *device, struct rt_wlan_info *info);

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_scan_stop(struct rt_wlan_device *device);

/* wlan device mac interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_get_mac(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_uint8_t mac[6]);

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_set_mac(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_uint8_t mac[6]);

/* wlan device powersave interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_set_powersave(struct rt_wlan_device *device, int level);

int rt_wlan_dev_get_powersave(struct rt_wlan_device *device);

/* wlan device event interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_register_event_handler(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_wlan_dev_event_t event, rt_wlan_dev_event_handler handler, void *parameter);

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_unregister_event_handler(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_wlan_dev_event_t event, rt_wlan_dev_event_handler handler);

void rt_wlan_dev_indicate_event_handle(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_wlan_dev_event_t event, struct rt_wlan_buff *buff);

/* wlan device promisc interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_enter_promisc(struct rt_wlan_device *device);

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_exit_promisc(struct rt_wlan_device *device);

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_set_promisc_callback(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_wlan_pormisc_callback_t callback);

void rt_wlan_dev_promisc_handler(struct rt_wlan_device *device, void *data, int len);

/* wlan device filter interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_cfg_filter(struct rt_wlan_device *device, struct rt_wlan_filter *filter);

/* wlan device channel interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_set_channel(struct rt_wlan_device *device, int channel);

int rt_wlan_dev_get_channel(struct rt_wlan_device *device);

/* wlan device country interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_set_country(struct rt_wlan_device *device, rt_country_code_t country_code);

rt_country_code_t rt_wlan_dev_get_country(struct rt_wlan_device *device);

/* wlan device datat transfer interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_report_data(struct rt_wlan_device *device, void *buff, int len);

/* wlan device register interface */

rt_err_t rt_wlan_dev_register(struct rt_wlan_device *wlan, const char *name,

const struct rt_wlan_dev_ops *ops, rt_uint32_t flag, void *user_data);

WLAN Device层提供的这些接口函数咱们虽然能够在应用程序中直接调用，但函数参数有不少结构体类型，在调用这些接口函数前，须要先构造接口函数参数须要的结构体，这就给函数调用带来了不便。WLAN Device层上面的WLAN Manager 层则对这些接口函数进行了再次封装，使用一些全局变量保存必要的信息，简化了参数的构造，咱们直接调用WLAN Manager 层提供的接口函数更加方便友好，这些接口函数在下文介绍。缓存

2.2 AP6181 WLAN驱动移植

Pandora开发板的程序源码包并无为咱们提供AP6181 WLAN驱动的源码，而是以库文件的形式给出的，因此这里也无法分析AP6181 WLAN驱动的实现原理，只能根据 SDIO 设备管理框架与WLAN 管理框架对WLAN设备驱动的要求推测一些AP6181 WLAN驱动移植时应实现或调用的函数。这里忍不住吐槽一下提供Pandora开发板 AP6181 WLAN驱动库文件的同窗，起码应该给出一些关于AP6181 WLAN驱动库文件如何使用、须要为其实现哪些接口函数、对外提供哪些接口函数、简单的实现原理之类的说明文档，如今缺乏这些信息为WLAN驱动移植和调试带来了很大的不便。sass

AP6181 WLAN固件配置

从前篇博客：SDIO设备对象管理 + AP6181(BCM43362) WiFi模块了解到，AP6181 WIFI 模组内部是须要运行WLAN固件程序的，AP6181 内部可能没有ROM空间，这就须要咱们将AP6181 内运行的WLAN固件程序存放到主控端的Flash 空间内。在使用WLAN设备前，由WLAN驱动程序负责将Host 端Flash内存放的WLAN固件读取并传送到AP6181 模组内，以便AP6181 WIFI 模组能正常工做(好比完成WIFI数据帧与以太网数据帧之间的转换)。

这里提醒一点，本文使用的AP6181的WLAN固件与驱动都是从Pandora开发板提供的源码包中得到的，且因为WLAN固件与驱动都是以库文件的形式提供的，对运行环境(好比RT-Thread版本)变动比较敏感，所以最好选择与本身使用的RT-Thread版本一致的 Pandora IOT 源码包。好比我使用的是RT-Thread 4.0.1，正点原子官网给的Pandora IOT 源码包默认的基于RT-Thread 4.0.0开发的，我就须要到GitHub 下载基于RT-Thread 4.0.1 版本的Pandora IOT 源码包(本文使用的是Release 1.2.0版本)。下文中使用的AP6181 WLAN固件与驱动都是从Pandora IOT Board Release 1.2.0版本源码包拷贝来的。

AP6181 WLAN固件所在路径：

.\IoT_Board\examples\16_iot_wifi_manager\bin\wifi_image_1.0.rbl

咱们须要先将该WLAN固件放入Flash(Pandora上的W25Q128芯片)的 wifi_image 分区，本文使用的工程文件是基于博客：FAL分区管理与easyflash变量管理中完成FAL与Easyflash组件移植后的工程文件为基础的。在上面的博客中已经FAL(Flash Abstraction Layer)的实现原理及接口函数，并且在移植FAL组件时配置到分区表也包括wifi_image 分区，这里能够直接该分区存储 AP6181 WLAN 固件镜像文件。

咱们如何将AP6181 WLAN固件(wifi_image_1.0.rbl)放到W25Q128 Flash内的wifi_image 分区呢？能够参考下面的文档：

.\IoT_Board\docs\UM3001-RT-Thread-IoT Board WIFI 模块固件下载手册.pdf

比较简单的方法是先将WLAN固件放到SD卡以下目录中：

/SYSTEM/WIFI/wifi_image_1.0.rbl

而后将SD卡插入到Pandora开发板的SD卡插槽，将综合例程文件(以下路径)烧录到Pandora开发板中：

.\IoT_Board\examples\30_iot_board_demo\bin\all.bin

综合例程文件烧录完成后，Pandora开发板检测到WLAN固件，会自动执行读取、校验、升级WLAN固件的操做，Pandora开发板的LCD也会显示相应的升级信息(若是wifi_image

分区已存在WLAN固件，且与放入SD卡中的WLAN固件版本一致，则不会有相应的加载或升级操做)。

接下来就是AP6181 WLAN驱动负责将存储在W25Q128 Flash wifi_image 分区的WLAN固件读取出来，并经过SDIO总线传输到AP6181 模组内。因为WLAN驱动是以库文件的形式提供的，咱们直接从Pandora源码包将WLAN驱动库文件和WLAN驱动移植文件复制到咱们的工程中使用，这些文件在Pandora源码包中的路径和复制到咱们工程目录的路径以下：

// Pandora IOT Board Release 1.2.0中WLAN驱动库文件和WLAN驱动移植文件路径

.\IoT_Board\libraries\wifi\libwifi_6181_0.2.5_armcm4_gcc.a

.\IoT_Board\libraries\wifi\libwifi_6181_0.2.5_armcm4_iar.a

.\IoT_Board\libraries\wifi\libwifi_6181_0.2.5_armcm4_keil.lib

.\IoT_Board\libraries\wifi\SConscript

.\IoT_Board\drivers\drv_wlan.h

.\IoT_Board\drivers\drv_wlan.c

// WLAN驱动库文件和WLAN驱动移植文件拷贝到咱们工程中的目标路径

.\RT-Thread_Projects\libraries\wifi\libwifi_6181_0.2.5_armcm4_gcc.a

.\RT-Thread_Projects\libraries\wifi\libwifi_6181_0.2.5_armcm4_iar.a

.\RT-Thread_Projects\libraries\wifi\libwifi_6181_0.2.5_armcm4_keil.lib

.\RT-Thread_Projects\libraries\wifi\SConscript

.\RT-Thread_Projects\libraries\HAL_Drivers\drv_wlan.h

.\RT-Thread_Projects\libraries\HAL_Drivers\drv_wlan.c

WLAN驱动库文件和WLAN驱动移植文件复制到咱们工程中后，须要能编译进咱们的工程，所以须要修改SConscript文件和SConstruct文件，将咱们拷贝过来的文件添加进编译脚本，新增编译代码以下：

// .\RT-Thread_Projects\libraries\HAL_Drivers\SConscript

......

# add wlan driver code

if GetDepen