Linux文件压缩、解压缩及归档工具一

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-05 13:39:50 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-06-05 13:39:50 发布
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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/wang618/p/11176747.html
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主题Linux文件压缩、解压缩及归档工具

 

 

 

压缩工具很重要的，因为要经常到互联网下载包

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

一compress/uncompress


compress [-dfvcVr] [-b maxbits] [file ...]
-d: 解压缩，相当于uncompress
-c: 结果输出至标准输出,不删除原文件
-v: 显示详情
uncompress 解压缩
zcat file.Z >file

 

 

 

 

压缩涉及到压缩算法

比如abcd出现了1000次，那么就可以使用a代替abcd

不同的压缩方法压缩比不一样

 

 

对文件进行压缩

[root@centos72 ~]# ll  /var/log/messages
-rw------- 1 root root 831851 May  2 17:01 /var/log/messages [root@centos72 ~]# ll /var/log/messages -h -rw------- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:01 /var/log/messages [root@centos72 ~]# cp /var/log/messages /app/m [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/m -l -rw------- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:31 /app/m [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/m -lh -rw------- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:31 /app/m [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app m [root@centos72 ~]# compress /app/m -bash: compress: command not found

 

 

 

 

 

 


[root@centos72 ~]# yum  whatprovides  compress 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * extras: ap.stykers.moe * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.1 MB 00:00:01 extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 236 kB 00:00:00 updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:00 ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64 : Fast compression and decompression utilities Repo : aliyun Matched from: Filename : /usr/bin/compress ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64 : Fast compression and decompression utilities Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/bin/compress [root@centos72 ~]# yum install ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64 -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package ncompress.x86_64 0:4.2.4.4-3.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================== Installing: ncompress x86_64 4.2.4.4-3.el7 aliyun 26 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 26 k Installed size: 35 k Downloading packages: ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 26 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : ncompress-4.2.4.4-3.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: ncompress.x86_64 0:4.2.4.4-3.el7 Complete!

 

 

 

 

 

 

对文件进行压缩，并且重命名了

[root@centos72 ~]# compress  /app/m
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app
m.Z
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app  -l
total 196 -rw------- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:31 m.Z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 196K -rw------- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:31 m.Z

 

 

 

 

 

 

压缩比为1/4

[root@centos72 ~]# diff   /var/log/messages  /app/m.Z 
Binary files /var/log/messages and /app/m.Z differ
[root@centos72 ~]# ll    /var/log/messages  /app/m.Z 
-rw------- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:31 /app/m.Z -rw------- 1 root root 831930 May 2 17:37 /var/log/messages [root@centos72 ~]# ll /var/log/messages /app/m.Z -h -rw------- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:31 /app/m.Z -rw------- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:37 /var/log/messages
[root@centos72 ~]# bc
bc 1.06.95
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. For details type `warranty'. 813/194 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-c: 结果输出至标准输出,也就是打印到屏幕上，不删除原文件

我们可以把输出重定向到一个文件里面，这样还保留原文件

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app
m
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app -l
total 816
-rw------- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:31 m [root@centos72 ~]# compress -c /app/m > /app/m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -l total 1012 -rw------- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:31 m -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app m m.z

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

解压缩compress -d或者uncompress或者zcat重定向到文件里面

[root@centos72 ~]# uncompress    /app/m.Z 
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app
m
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app  -l
total 816 -rw------- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:31 m [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 816K -rw------- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:31 m

 

 

 

 

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app -l
total 1012
-rw------- 1 root root 831851 May  2 17:31 m -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app m m.z [root@centos72 ~]# zcat /app/m.z > /app/mm [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app m mm m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -l total 1828 -rw------- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:31 m -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

二gzip/gunzip

 


gzip [OPTION]... FILE ...
-d: 解压缩，相当于gunzip
-c: 将压缩或解压缩的结果输出至标准输出
-#：1-9，指定压缩比，值越大压缩比越大
zcat：不显式解压缩的前提下查看文本文件内容

 

 

 

默认是使用压缩比6

 -# --fast --best
              Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit #, where -1 or --fast indi‐
              cates the fastest compression method (less compression) and -9 or --best indicates the slowest compression method (best compression). The default compression level is -6 (that is, biased towards high compression at expense of speed).

 

 

 

 

 

[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app  -l
total 1828
-rw------- 1 root root 831851 May  2 17:31 m -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app m mm m.z [root@centos72 ~]# gzip m gzip: m: No such file or directory [root@centos72 ~]# gzip /app/m [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -l total 1120 -rw------- 1 root root 107731 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 1.1M -rw------- 1 root root 106K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# bc bc 1.06.95 Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. For details type `warranty'. 813/106 7 ^C (interrupt) Exiting bc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

使用gzip进行解压、

和compress类似，有多种方法

[root@centos72 ~]# gzip   -d   /app/m.gz 
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app  -l
total 1828
-rw------- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:31 m -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 1.8M -rw------- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:31 m -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z

 

 

 

 

解压法2：

[root@centos72 ~]# gzip  /app/m
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app  -l
total 1120
-rw------- 1 root root 107731 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# gunzip /app/m.gz [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -l total 1828 -rw------- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:31 m -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z

 

 

 

 

 

 

使用最高压缩比

压缩比越高解压缩就会更慢

压缩要靠CPU大量的做运算，会消耗CPU，不压缩就会占用磁盘空间，所以CPU性能和磁盘空间互换的

raid是利用磁盘空间来换取高性能

CPU很少出故障，但是内存和硬盘就经常出问题

[root@centos72 ~]# gzip   -9   /app/m
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app  -l
total 1116 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 1.1M -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z

 

 

 

 

 

法3：

[root@centos72 ~]# zcat   /app/m.gz   >  /app/mmm
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app  -l
total 1932
-rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 1.9M -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

三bzip2/bunzip2/bzcat

 


bzip2 [OPTION]... FILE ...
-k: keep, 保留原文件
-d：解压缩
-#：1-9，压缩比，默认为9
bzcat：不显式解压缩的前提下查看文本文件内容

 

 

[root@centos72 ~]# bzip2
-bash: bzip2: command not found
[root@centos72 ~]# yum  whatprovides  bzip2 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cn99.com * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 : A file compression utility Repo : aliyun bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 : A file compression utility Repo : base [root@centos72 ~]# yum install bzip2 -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn aliyun | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================== Installing: bzip2 x86_64 1.0.6-13.el7 aliyun 52 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 52 k Installed size: 82 k Downloading packages: bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 52 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 Complete!

 

 

 

 

 

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app
m.gz  mm  mmm  m.z
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app  -l
total 1932
-rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# bzip2 /app/mm [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -l total 1168 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

对文件解压缩

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app  -l
total 1168
-rw------- 1 root root 106019 May  2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# bu build-locale-archive builtin bunzip2 busctl [root@centos72 ~]# bunzip2 /app/mm.bz2 [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -l total 1932 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 1.9M -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z

 

 

 

 

直接保留原始文件

-k: keep, 保留原文件

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app  -lh
total 1.9M
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May  2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# bzip2 -k /app/mm [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -l total 1984 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 2.0M -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z

 

 

 

 

 

 

注意zcat不关心后缀是什么，只要是压缩文件即可。

压缩工具不仅关心是否为压缩文件，还关心文件的后缀

[root@centos72 ~]# cp   /app/m.gz   /app/m.gz.txt
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app  -lh
total 2.1M
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z [root@centos72 ~]# zcat /app/m.gz.txt > /app/m1 [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 2.9M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z

 

 

 

 

报错，因为后缀不对

[root@centos72 ~]# gunzip   /app/m.gz.txt
gzip: /app/m.gz.txt: unknown suffix -- ignored

 

 

 

 

显示的是压缩文件

[root@centos72 ~]# file  /app/m.gz.txt 
/app/m.gz.txt: gzip compressed data, was "m", from Unix, last modified: Thu May 2 17:31:31 2019, max compression

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

四xz/unxz/xzcat


xz [OPTION]... FILE ...
-k: keep, 保留原文件
-d：解压缩
-#：1-9，压缩比，默认为6
xzcat: 不显式解压缩的前提下查看文本文件内容

 

文件大小排序

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app  -l
total 2904
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May  2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z  [root@centos72 ~]# ll /app -S total 2904 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2

 

 

 

 

 

xz的压缩比更高，但是因为出现的比较晚，有些压缩包不支持

[root@centos72 ~]# xz  /app/mm
[root@centos72 ~]# ll  /app  -S
total 2128
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May  2 23:00 m1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 40768 May 2 17:58 mm.xz [root@centos72 ~]# ll /app -Sh total 2.1M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 40K May 2 17:58 mm.xz

 

 

 

 

 

 

对文件解压缩

[root@centos72 ~]# ll  /app  -Sh
total 2.1M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 23:00 m1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 40K May 2 17:58 mm.xz [root@centos72 ~]# xz -d /app/mm.xz [root@centos72 ~]# ll /app -Sh total 2.9M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 [root@centos72 ~]#

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

注意gz和bzp2的压缩包是最多的

 

 

五zip/unzip


zip    –r   /etc/sysconfig/ 表示压缩目录

zip    /etc/sysconfig表示压缩文件

 


解包解压缩
unzip sysconfig.zip
cat /var/log/messages | zip messages -
unzip -p message > message

 

 

[root@centos72 ~]# zip 
-bash: zip: command not found
[root@centos72 ~]# yum  whatprovides  zip Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cn99.com * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64 : A file compression and packaging utility compatible with PKZIP Repo : aliyun zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64 : A file compression and packaging utility compatible with PKZIP Repo : base [root@centos72 ~]# yum install zip -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================== Installing: zip x86_64 3.0-11.el7 aliyun 260 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 260 k Installed size: 796 k Downloading packages: zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 260 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7 Complete!

 

 

 

 

 

[root@centos72 ~]# zip  -r   /app/sysconfig  /etc/sysconfig/
  adding: etc/sysconfig/ (stored 0%)
  adding: etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config (deflated 61%) adding: etc/sysconfig/iptables-config (deflated 60%) adding: etc/sysconfig/cbq/ (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example (deflated 9%) adding: etc/sysconfig/rdisc (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/console/ (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/init (deflated 52%) adding: etc/sysconfig/modules/ (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/netconsole (deflated 50%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo (deflated 25%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown (deflated 59%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep (deflated 43%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth (deflated 64%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp (deflated 54%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6 (deflated 62%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn (deflated 54%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post (deflated 57%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp (deflated 58%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes (deflated 50%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit (deflated 50%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel (deflated 44%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup (deflated 63%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases (deflated 66%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep (deflated 47%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth (deflated 68%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp (deflated 72%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6 (deflated 70%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn (deflated 72%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip (deflated 45%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb (deflated 48%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post (deflated 65%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp (deflated 63%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes (deflated 63%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit (deflated 62%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel (deflated 51%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless (deflated 49%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global (deflated 70%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions (deflated 71%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6 (deflated 79%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team (deflated 44%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort (deflated 45%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team (deflated 45%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort (deflated 50%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 (deflated 25%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37 (deflated 24%) adding: etc/sysconfig/readonly-root (deflated 50%) adding: etc/sysconfig/crond (deflated 15%) adding: etc/sysconfig/run-parts (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/selinux (deflated 49%) adding: etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant (deflated 44%) adding: etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config (deflated 61%) adding: etc/sysconfig/grub (deflated 23%) adding: etc/sysconfig/irqbalance (deflated 45%) adding: etc/sysconfig/man-db (deflated 30%) adding: etc/sysconfig/rsyslog (deflated 23%) adding: etc/sysconfig/firewalld (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/kdump (deflated 50%) adding: etc/sysconfig/sshd (deflated 41%) adding: etc/sysconfig/authconfig (deflated 47%) adding: etc/sysconfig/cpupower (deflated 25%) adding: etc/sysconfig/kernel (deflated 34%) adding: etc/sysconfig/network (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/anaconda (deflated 54%) adding: etc/sysconfig/chronyd (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/ntpdate (deflated 6%) adding: etc/sysconfig/ntpd (stored 0%) adding: etc/sysconfig/keepalived (deflated 46%) adding: etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config (deflated 53%) adding: etc/sysconfig/nginx (deflated 11%) adding: etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug (deflated 22%) adding: etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean (deflated 30%) adding: etc/sysconfig/httpd (deflated 44%) [root@centos72 ~]# ll /app total 2984 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80145 May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

解压缩

法2：

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app
m1  m.gz  m.gz.txt  mm  mm.bz2  mmm  m.z  sysconfig.zip
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app  -lh total 3.0M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79K May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip [root@centos72 ~]# cat /var/log/messages | zip /app/messages - adding: - (deflated 87%) [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lh total 3.1M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May 2 23:28 messages.zip -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79K May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip

 

 

 

 

[root@centos72 ~]# ll /var/log/messages
-rw------- 1 root root 832545 May  2 23:23 /var/log/messages [root@centos72 ~]# ll /var/log/messages -h -rw------- 1 root root 814K May 2 23:23 /var/log/messages [root@centos72 ~]#

 

 

 

 

 

[root@centos72 ~]# unzip   -p    /app/messages.zip  
-bash: unzip: command not found
[root@centos72 ~]# yum  whatprovides  unzip Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com unzip-6.0-19.el7.x86_64 : A utility for unpacking zip files Repo : aliyun unzip-6.0-19.el7.x86_64 : A utility for unpacking zip files Repo : base [root@centos72 ~]# yum install unzip Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cn99.com * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-19.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================== Installing: unzip x86_64 6.0-19.el7 aliyun 170 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 170 k Installed size: 365 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: unzip-6.0-19.el7.x86_64.rpm | 170 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : unzip-6.0-19.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : unzip-6.0-19.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-19.el7 Complete!

 

 

 

 

 

unzip -p进行解压缩

[root@centos72 ~]# unzip  -p   /app/messages.zip    >  /app/messages
[root@centos72 ~]# ll /app
total 3908
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832545 May 2 23:37 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108052 May 2 23:28 messages.zip -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80145 May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip [root@centos72 ~]# ll /app -ht total 3.9M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 814K May 2 23:37 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May 2 23:28 messages.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79K May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz

 

 

 

 

 

 

创建文件并且设置无权限

[root@centos72 ~]# touch   /app/aa.txt
[root@centos72 ~]# ll  /app/aa.txt 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May  2 23:42 /app/aa.txt [root@centos72 ~]# echo abcdefghijklmn > /app/aa.txt [root@centos72 ~]# ll /app/aa.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 /app/aa.txt [root@centos72 ~]# chmod 0 /app/aa.txt [root@centos72 ~]# ll /app/aa.txt ---------- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 /app/aa.txt

 

 

 

 

 

 

对文件进行压缩

[root@centos72 ~]# xz  /app/aa.txt   
[root@centos72 ~]# ll  /app/  -t
total 3912
---------- 1 root root     72 May  2 23:42 aa.txt.xz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832545 May 2 23:37 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108052 May 2 23:28 messages.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80145 May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz

 

 

 

 

 

 

对文件进行解压缩，文件的属性保留下来了

[root@centos72 ~]# xz  -d  /app/aa.txt.xz 
[root@centos72 ~]# ll  /app/  -t
total 3912
---------- 1 root root     15 May  2 23:42 aa.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832545 May 2 23:37 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108052 May 2 23:28 messages.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80145 May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz

 

 

 

 

 

 

设置acl权限

压缩和解压都少了acl权限

所以对于acl要单独做备份

[root@centos72 ~]# setfacl   -m   u:wang:rwx   /app/aa.txt 
[root@centos72 ~]# ll  /app/aa.txt 
----rwx---+ 1 root root 15 May  2 23:42 /app/aa.txt [root@centos72 ~]# xz /app/aa.txt [root@centos72 ~]# ll /app/ -t total 3912 ----rwx--- 1 root root 72 May 2 23:42 aa.txt.xz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832545 May 2 23:37 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108052 May 2 23:28 messages.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80145 May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz [root@centos72 ~]# xz -d /app/aa.txt.xz [root@centos72 ~]# ll /app/ -t total 3912 ----rwx--- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 aa.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832545 May 2 23:37 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108052 May 2 23:28 messages.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80145 May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wang618/p/11176747.html

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建立要载入ramdisk的映像文件补充说明mkinitrd命令 建立要载入ramdisk的映像文件，以供Linux开机时载入ramdisk。这个是重新封包核心的命令，例如你自己修改了一个设备的驱动，如果这个驱动要加入核心级别的话，就需要对核心进行重新封包，把新加的配置编译到核心内部去！语法mkinitrd(选项)(参数)选项-f：若指定的映像问家名称与现有文件重复，则覆盖现有的文件；-v：执行时显...
linux中归档和压缩文件
03-16
在Linux中，归档和压缩文件是非常常见的操作。归档是将多个文件或目录打包成一个文件，而压缩则是将一个或多个文件压缩成一...使用这些工具可以方便地将文件打包、压缩、解压缩和解包，从而方便地进行文件传输和备份。

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