转自:http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1371741636171.html
一、为什么要用join()方法
在很多情况下,主线程生成并起动了子线程,如果子线程里要进行大量的耗时的运算,主线程往往将于子线程之前结束,但是如果主线程处理完其他的事务后,需要用到子线程的处理结果,也就是主线程需要等待子线程执行完成之后再结束,这个时候就要用到join()方法了。
二、join方法的作用
在JDk的API里对于join()方法是:
join
public final void join() throws InterruptedException Waits for this thread to die. Throws: InterruptedException - if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown.
即join()的作用是:“等待该线程终止”,这里需要理解的就是该线程是指的主线程等待子线程的终止。也就是在子线程调用了join()方法后面的代码,只有等到子线程结束了才能执行。
三、使用方式。
join是Thread类的一个方法,启动线程后直接调用,例如:
Thread t = new AThread(); t.start(); t.join();
四、用实例来理解
写一个简单的例子来看一下join()的用法:
1.AThread 类
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BThread类
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TestDemo 类
class BThread extends Thread { public BThread() { super("[BThread] Thread"); }; public void run() { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); try { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { System.out.println(threadName + " loop at " + i); Thread.sleep(1000); } System.out.println(threadName + " end."); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run"); } } } class AThread extends Thread { BThread bt; public AThread(BThread bt) { super("[AThread] Thread"); this.bt = bt; } public void run() { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); try { bt.join(); System.out.println(threadName + " end."); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run"); } } } public class TestDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); BThread bt = new BThread(); AThread at = new AThread(bt); try { bt.start(); Thread.sleep(2000); at.start(); at.join(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from main"); } System.out.println(threadName + " end!"); } }
打印结果:
main start. //主线程起动,因为调用了at.join(),要等到at结束了,此线程才能向下执行。 [BThread] Thread start. [BThread] Thread loop at 0 [BThread] Thread loop at 1 [AThread] Thread start. //线程at启动,因为调用bt.join(),等到bt结束了才向下执行。 [BThread] Thread loop at 2 [BThread] Thread loop at 3 [BThread] Thread loop at 4 [BThread] Thread end. [AThread] Thread end. // 线程AThread在bt.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果 main end! //线程AThread结束,此线程在at.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果。
修改一下代码:1 public class TestDemo { 2 public static void main(String[] args) { 3 String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); 4 System.out.println(threadName + " start."); 5 BThread bt = new BThread(); 6 AThread at = new AThread(bt); 7 try { 8 bt.start(); 9 Thread.sleep(2000); 10 at.start(); 11 //at.join(); //在此处注释掉对join()的调用 12 } catch (Exception e) { 13 System.out.println("Exception from main"); 14 } 15 System.out.println(threadName + " end!"); 16 } 17 }
打印结果:
main start. // 主线程起动,因为Thread.sleep(2000),主线程没有马上结束; [BThread] Thread start. //线程BThread起动 [BThread] Thread loop at 0 [BThread] Thread loop at 1 main end! // 在sleep两秒后主线程结束,AThread执行的bt.join();并不会影响到主线程。 [AThread] Thread start. //线程at起动,因为调用了bt.join(),等到bt结束了,此线程才向下执行。 [BThread] Thread loop at 2 [BThread] Thread loop at 3 [BThread] Thread loop at 4 [BThread] Thread end. //线程BThread结束了 [AThread] Thread end. // 线程AThread在bt.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果
五、从源码看join()方法
在AThread的run方法里,执行了bt.join();,进入看一下它的JDK源码:
然后进入join(0L)方法:public final void join() throws InterruptedException { join(0L); }
public final synchronized void join(long l) throws InterruptedException { long l1 = System.currentTimeMillis(); long l2 = 0L; if(l < 0L) throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative"); if(l == 0L) for(; isAlive(); wait(0L)); else do { if(!isAlive()) break; long l3 = l - l2; if(l3 <= 0L) break; wait(l3); l2 = System.currentTimeMillis() - l1; } while(true); }