I2C自编设备驱动设计

一、自编设备驱动模型

at24.c:
  1. static int __init at24_init(void)
  2. {
  3.     io_limit = rounddown_pow_of_two(io_limit);
  4.     return i2c_add_driver(&at24_driver);                                   //注册i2c驱动设备
  5. }
at24_driver:
  1. static struct i2c_driver at24_driver = {
  2.     .driver = {
  3.         .name = "at24",
  4.         .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  5.     },
  6.     .probe = at24_probe,                                                  //找到驱动对应的设备调用的函数
  7.     .remove = __devexit_p(at24_remove),
  8.     .id_table = at24_ids,                                                 //这个表里的设备都支持
  9. };
at24_probe:
  1. static int at24_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
  2. {
  3.     struct at24_platform_data chip;
  4.     bool writable;
  5.     bool use_smbus = false;
  6.     struct at24_data *at24;
  7.     int err;
  8.     unsigned i, num_addresses;
  9.     kernel_ulong_t magic;

  10.     if (client->dev.platform_data) {
  11.         chip = *(struct at24_platform_data *)client->dev.platform_data;
  12.     } else {
  13.         if (!id->driver_data) {
  14.             err = -ENODEV;
  15.             goto err_out;
  16.         }
  17.         magic = id->driver_data;
  18.         chip.byte_len = BIT(magic & AT24_BITMASK(AT24_SIZE_BYTELEN));
  19.         magic >>= AT24_SIZE_BYTELEN;
  20.         chip.flags = magic & AT24_BITMASK(AT24_SIZE_FLAGS);
  21.         /*
  22.          * This is slow, but we can't know all eeproms, so we better
  23.          * play safe. Specifying custom eeprom-types via platform_data
  24.          * is recommended anyhow.
  25.          */
  26.         chip.page_size = 1;

  27.         chip.setup = NULL;
  28.         chip.context = NULL;
  29.     }

  30.     if (!is_power_of_2(chip.byte_len))
  31.         dev_warn(&client->dev,
  32.             "byte_len looks suspicious (no power of 2)!\n");
  33.     if (!is_power_of_2(chip.page_size))
  34.         dev_warn(&client->dev,
  35.             "page_size looks suspicious (no power of 2)!\n");

  36.     /* Use I2C operations unless we're stuck with SMBus extensions. */
  37.     if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter, I2C_FUNC_I2C)) {
  38.         if (chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) {
  39.             err = -EPFNOSUPPORT;
  40.             goto err_out;
  41.         }
  42.         if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
  43.                 I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK)) {
  44.             err = -EPFNOSUPPORT;
  45.             goto err_out;
  46.         }
  47.         use_smbus = true;
  48.     }

  49.     if (chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_TAKE8ADDR)
  50.         num_addresses = 8;
  51.     else
  52.         num_addresses =    DIV_ROUND_UP(chip.byte_len,
  53.             (chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) ? 65536 : 256);

  54.     at24 = kzalloc(sizeof(struct at24_data) +
  55.         num_addresses * sizeof(struct i2c_client *), GFP_KERNEL);
  56.     if (!at24) {
  57.         err = -ENOMEM;
  58.         goto err_out;
  59.     }

  60.     mutex_init(&at24->lock);
  61.     at24->use_smbus = use_smbus;
  62.     at24->chip = chip;
  63.     at24->num_addresses = num_addresses;

  64.     /*
  65.      * Export the EEPROM bytes through sysfs, since that's convenient.
  66.      * By default, only root should see the data (maybe passwords etc)
  67.      */
  68.     at24->bin.attr.name = "eeprom";
  69.     at24->bin.attr.mode = chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_IRUGO ? S_IRUGO : S_IRUSR;
  70.     at24->bin.read = at24_bin_read;
  71.     at24->bin.size = chip.byte_len;

  72.     at24->macc.read = at24_macc_read;

  73.     writable = !(chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_READONLY);
  74.     if (writable) {
  75.         if (!use_smbus || i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
  76.                 I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK)) {

  77.             unsigned write_max = chip.page_size;

  78.             at24->macc.write = at24_macc_write;

  79.             at24->bin.write = at24_bin_write;                          //这里注册了at24_bin_write,用户的write函数的调用接口
  80.             at24->bin.attr.mode |= S_IWUSR;

  81.             if (write_max > io_limit)
  82.                 write_max = io_limit;
  83.             if (use_smbus && write_max > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX)
  84.                 write_max = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX;
  85.             at24->write_max = write_max;

  86.             /* buffer (data + address at the beginning) */
  87.             at24->writebuf = kmalloc(write_max + 2, GFP_KERNEL);
  88.             if (!at24->writebuf) {
  89.                 err = -ENOMEM;
  90.                 goto err_struct;
  91.             }
  92.         } else {
  93.             dev_warn(&client->dev,
  94.                 "cannot write due to controller restrictions.");
  95.         }
  96.     }

  97.     at24->client[0] = client;

  98.     /* use dummy devices for multiple-address chips */
  99.     for (i = 1; i < num_addresses; i++) {
  100.         at24->client[i] = i2c_new_dummy(client->adapter,
  101.                     client->addr + i);
  102.         if (!at24->client[i]) {
  103.             dev_err(&client->dev, "address 0x%02x unavailable\n",
  104.                     client->addr + i);
  105.             err = -EADDRINUSE;
  106.             goto err_clients;
  107.         }
  108.     }

  109.     err = sysfs_create_bin_file(&client->dev.kobj, &at24->bin);          //创建一个文件应用程序实际上是在/sys目录下的文件,而这个文件就是它函数创建的。
  110.     if (err)
  111.         goto err_clients;

  112.     i2c_set_clientdata(client, at24);

  113.     dev_info(&client->dev, "%zu byte %s EEPROM %s\n",
  114.         at24->bin.size, client->name,
  115.         writable ? "(writable)" : "(read-only)");
  116.     dev_dbg(&client->dev,
  117.         "page_size %d, num_addresses %d, write_max %d%s\n",
  118.         chip.page_size, num_addresses,
  119.         at24->write_max,
  120.         use_smbus ? ", use_smbus" : "");

  121.     /* export data to kernel code */
  122.     if (chip.setup)
  123.         chip.setup(&at24->macc, chip.context);

  124.     return 0;

  125. err_clients:
  126.     for (i = 1; i < num_addresses; i++)
  127.         if (at24->client[i])
  128.             i2c_unregister_device(at24->client[i]);

  129.     kfree(at24->writebuf);
  130. err_struct:
  131.     kfree(at24);
  132. err_out:
  133.     dev_dbg(&client->dev, "probe error %d\n", err);
  134.     return err;
  135. }
at24_bin_write:
  1. static ssize_t at24_bin_write(struct kobject *kobj, struct bin_attribute *attr,
  2.         char *buf, loff_t off, size_t count)
  3. {
  4.     struct at24_data *at24;

  5.     at24 = dev_get_drvdata(container_of(kobj, struct device, kobj));
  6.     return at24_write(at24, buf, off, count);                        //调用at24_write
  7. }
at24_write:
  1. static ssize_t at24_write(struct at24_data *at24, const char *buf, loff_t off,
  2.              size_t count)
  3. {
  4.     ssize_t retval = 0;

  5.     if (unlikely(!count))
  6.         return count;

  7.     mutex_lock(&at24->lock);

  8.     while (count) {
  9.         ssize_t    status;

  10.         status = at24_eeprom_write(at24, buf, off, count);                    //调用at24_eeprom_write
  11.         if (status <= 0) {
  12.             if (retval == 0)
  13.                 retval = status;
  14.             break;
  15.         }
  16.         buf += status;
  17.         off += status;
  18.         count -= status;
  19.         retval += status;
  20.     }

  21.     mutex_unlock(&at24->lock);

  22.     return retval;
  23. }
at24_eeprom_write:
  1. static ssize_t at24_eeprom_write(struct at24_data *at24, const char *buf,
  2.         unsigned offset, size_t count)
  3. {
  4.     struct i2c_client *client;
  5.     struct i2c_msg msg;
  6.     ssize_t status;
  7.     unsigned long timeout, write_time;
  8.     unsigned next_page;

  9.     /* Get corresponding I2C address and adjust offset */
  10.     client = at24_translate_offset(at24, &offset);

  11.     /* write_max is at most a page */
  12.     if (count > at24->write_max)
  13.         count = at24->write_max;

  14.     /* Never roll over backwards, to the start of this page */
  15.     next_page = roundup(offset + 1, at24->chip.page_size);
  16.     if (offset + count > next_page)
  17.         count = next_page - offset;

  18.     /* If we'll use I2C calls for I/O, set up the message */                     //I2C的消息
  19.     if (!at24->use_smbus) {
  20.         int i = 0;

  21.         msg.addr = client->addr;
  22.         msg.flags = 0;

  23.         /* msg.buf is u8 and casts will mask the values */
  24.         msg.buf = at24->writebuf;
  25.         if (at24->chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_ADDR16)
  26.             msg.buf[i++] = offset >> 8;

  27.         msg.buf[i++] = offset;                                          //提供偏移地址
  28.         memcpy(&msg.buf[i], buf, count);                                //拷贝用户发送数据
  29.         msg.len = i + count;                                            //设置长度
  30.     }

  31.     /*
  32.      * Writes fail if the previous one didn't complete yet. We may
  33.      * loop a few times until this one succeeds, waiting at least
  34.      * long enough for one entire page write to work.
  35.      */
  36.     timeout = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(write_timeout);
  37.     do {
  38.         write_time = jiffies;
  39.         if (at24->use_smbus) {
  40.             status = i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(client,
  41.                     offset, count, buf);
  42.             if (status == 0)
  43.                 status = count;
  44.         } else {
  45.             status = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, &msg, 1);                     //交给I2C控制器完成
  46.             if (status == 1)
  47.                 status = count;
  48.         }
  49.         dev_dbg(&client->dev, "write %zu@%d --> %zd (%ld)\n",
  50.                 count, offset, status, jiffies);

  51.         if (status == count)
  52.             return count;

  53.         /* REVISIT: at HZ=100, this is sloooow */
  54.         msleep(1);
  55.     } while (time_before(write_time, timeout));

  56.     return -ETIMEDOUT;
  57. }
i2c_transfer:
  1. int i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num)
  2. {
  3.     int ret;

  4.     if (adap->algo->master_xfer) {
  5. #ifdef DEBUG
  6.         for (ret = 0; ret < num; ret++) {
  7.             dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "master_xfer[%d] %c, addr=0x%02x, "
  8.                 "len=%d%s\n", ret, (msgs[ret].flags & I2C_M_RD)
  9.                 ? 'R' : 'W', msgs[ret].addr, msgs[ret].len,
  10.                 (msgs[ret].flags & I2C_M_RECV_LEN) ? "+" : "");
  11.         }
  12. #endif

  13.         if (in_atomic() || irqs_disabled()) {
  14.             ret = mutex_trylock(&adap->bus_lock);
  15.             if (!ret)
  16.                 /* I2C activity is ongoing. */
  17.                 return -EAGAIN;
  18.         } else {
  19.             mutex_lock_nested(&adap->bus_lock, adap->level);
  20.         }

  21.         ret = adap->algo->master_xfer(adap,msgs,num);                   //调用控制器中的算法
  22.         mutex_unlock(&adap->bus_lock);

  23.         return ret;
  24.     } else {
  25.         dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "I2C level transfers not supported\n");
  26.         return -EOPNOTSUPP;
  27.     }
  28. }
然后看一下i2c_bin_read:
  1. static ssize_t at24_bin_read(struct kobject *kobj, struct bin_attribute *attr,
  2.         char *buf, loff_t off, size_t count)
  3. {
  4.     struct at24_data *at24;

  5.     at24 = dev_get_drvdata(container_of(kobj, struct device, kobj));
  6.     return at24_read(at24, buf, off, count);                               //调用at24_read
  7. }
at24_read:
  1. static ssize_t at24_read(struct at24_data *at24,
  2.         char *buf, loff_t off, size_t count)
  3. {
  4.     ssize_t retval = 0;

  5.     if (unlikely(!count))
  6.         return count;

  7.     mutex_lock(&at24->lock);

  8.     while (count) {
  9.         ssize_t    status;

  10.         status = at24_eeprom_read(at24, buf, off, count);                  //继续调用at24_eeprom_read
  11.         if (status <= 0) {
  12.             if (retval == 0)
  13.                 retval = status;
  14.             break;
  15.         }
  16.         buf += status;
  17.         off += status;
  18.         count -= status;
  19.         retval += status;
  20.     }

  21.     mutex_unlock(&at24->lock);

  22.     return retval;
  23. }
at24_eeprom_read:
  1. static ssize_t at24_eeprom_read(struct at24_data *at24, char *buf,
  2.         unsigned offset, size_t count)
  3. {
  4.     struct i2c_msg msg[2];
  5.     u8 msgbuf[2];
  6.     struct i2c_client *client;
  7.     int status, i;

  8.     memset(msg, 0, sizeof(msg));

  9.     client = at24_translate_offset(at24, &offset);

  10.     if (count > io_limit)
  11.         count = io_limit;

  12.     /* Smaller eeproms can work given some SMBus extension calls */
  13.     if (at24->use_smbus) {
  14.         if (count > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX)
  15.             count = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX;
  16.         status = i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(client, offset,
  17.                 count, buf);
  18.         dev_dbg(&client->dev, "smbus read %zu@%d --> %d\n",
  19.                 count, offset, status);
  20.         return (status < 0) ? -EIO : status;
  21.     }

  22.     i = 0;
  23.     if (at24->chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_ADDR16)
  24.         msgbuf[i++] = offset >> 8;
  25.     msgbuf[i++] = offset;                                                //设置偏移

  26.     msg[0].addr = client->addr;                                          //第一条消息,提供从设备地址
  27.     msg[0].buf = msgbuf;
  28.     msg[0].len = i;

  29.     msg[1].addr = client->addr;                                          //第二条消息
  30.     msg[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;                                             //flags是读
  31.     msg[1].buf = buf;                                                    //提供数据量
  32.     msg[1].len = count;

  33.     status = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 2);
  34.     dev_dbg(&client->dev, "i2c read %zu@%d --> %d\n",
  35.             count, offset, status);

  36.     if (status == 2)
  37.         return count;
  38.     else if (status >= 0)
  39.         return -EIO;
  40.     else
  41.         return status;
  42. }

二、对驱动程序的修改和移植
I2C设备的注册:
  1. static void __init tq2440_machine_init(void)
  2. {
  3.     s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata(&tq2440_fb_info);
  4.     s3c_i2c0_set_platdata(NULL);

  5.     platform_add_devices(tq2440_devices, ARRAY_SIZE(tq2440_devices));
  6.     EmbedSky_machine_init();
  7.     s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPG12, 0);
  8.     s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPG12, S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT);
  9.     s3c24xx_udc_set_platdata(&EmbedSky_udc_cfg);
  10. }
增加设备:
  1. static struct at24_platform_data at24c02 = {
  2.     .byte_len = 2048 / 8,
  3.     .page_size = 8,
  4.     .flags = 0,
  5. };

  6. static struct i2c_board_info __initdata tq2440_i2c_devices[] = {
  7.     {
  8.         I2C_BOARD_INFO("24c02", 0x50),
  9.         .platform_data = &at24c02,
  10.     },
  11. };
然后在tq2440_machine_init中添加:
  1. i2c_register_board_info(0, tq2440_i2c_devices, ARRAY_SIZE(tq2440_i2c_devices));
然后添加头文件:
  1. #include <linux/i2c.h>
  2. #include <linux/i2c/at24.h>
然后会在开发板/sys/bus/i2c/devices/有一个0-0050的目录,有一个eeprom文件。

编写i2c-app.c文件:
  1. #include <stdio.h>
  2. #include <sys/types.h>
  3. #include <sys/stat.h>
  4. #include <fcntl.h>
  5. #include <unistd.h>

  6. int main()
  7. {
  8.     char write_data[256],read_data[256];
  9.     int fd;
  10.     int i = 0;
  11.     //打开at24c02对应的sys文件
  12.     fd = open("/sys/bus/i2c/devices/0-0050/eeprom", O_RDWR);

  13.     //写入数据
  14.     for(i=0;i<256;i++)
  15.         write_data[i] = i;

  16.     lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
  17.     write(fd, write_data, 256);
  18.     //读出数据
  19.     lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
  20.     read(fd, read_data, 256);

  21.     //打印对比
  22.     for(i=0;i<256;i++)
  23.     {
  24.         if(i%16 == 0) printf("\r\n");
  25.         printf("%3d ",read_data[i]);
  26.     }
  27.     printf("\n");
  28.     close(fd);
  29. }




















转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ch122633/p/7363293.html

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