java数组中找指定对象,Java方法：给定一个已知的属性值在数组列表中查找对象...

I have a couple of questions actually.

I have a class Dog with the following instance fields:

private int id;

private int id_mother;

private int id_father;

private String name="";

private String owner="";

private String bDate="";

I also have a class Archive which can instantiate Dog and put Dog objects into an ArrayList.

I am trying to write a method in Archive which takes an integer as ID and looks through the ArrayList, and returns the object containing that ID.

private Dog getDog(int id){

Dog dog = new Dog();

int length=getSize();

int i=0;

dog=al.get(i);

i++;

while(dog.getId()!=id && i

dog=al.get(i);

i++;

if(dog.getId()!=id)

dog=null;

return dog;

}//end getDog

There are two problems with this method (the other methods I use work). First of all it's not working, and I can't see why. I'm while-looping through (potentially) all the objects in the arraylist, for then after the loop is finished, checking whether the loop finished because it ran out of objects to search through, or because it found an object with the given ID. Secondly, that seems like an immensely time-consuming process. Is there some way to speed this up?

解决方案

A while applies to the expression or block after the while.

You dont have a block, so your while ends with the expression dog=al.get(i);

while(dog.getId()!=id && i

dog=al.get(i);

Everything after that happens only once.

There's no reason to new up a Dog, as you're never using the dog you new'd up; you immediately assign a Dog from the array to your dog reference.

And if you need to get a value for a key, you should use a Map, not an Array.

Edit: this was donwmodded why??

Comment from OP:

One further question with regards to not having to make a new instance of a Dog. If I am just taking out copies of the objects from the array list, how can I then take it out from the array list without having an object in which I put it? I just noticed as well that I didn't bracket the while-loop.

A Java reference and the object it refers to are different things. They're very much like a C++ reference and object, though a Java reference can be re-pointed like a C++ pointer.

The upshot is that Dog dog; or Dog dog = null gives you a reference that points to no object. new Dog() creates an object that can be pointed to.

Following that with a dog = al.get(i) means that the reference now points to the dog reference returned by al.get(i). Understand, in Java, objects are never returned, only references to objects (which are addresses of the object in memory).

The pointer/reference/address of the Dog you newed up is now lost, as no code refers to it, as the referent was replaced with the referent you got from al.get(). Eventually the Java garbage collector will destroy that object; in C++ you'd have "leaked" the memory.

The upshot is that you do need to create a variable that can refer to a Dog; you don't need to create a Dog with new.

(In truth you don't need to create a reference, as what you really ought to be doing is returning what a Map returns from its get() function. If the Map isn't parametrized on Dog, like this: Map, then you'll need to cast the return from get, but you won't need a reference: return (Dog) map.get(id); or if the Map is parameterized, return map.get(id). And that one line is your whole function, and it'll be faster than iterating an array for most cases.)