js中的offsetLeft和style.left

(1)style.left是带单位"px"的,而offsetLeft没有单位,另外,style.left必须是内联样式,或者在JS中通过style.left赋值,否则取得的将为空字符串(在内部样式和外部样式中指定left是无效的)

(2)如果没有已经定位的父元素,那么offsetLeft指向的是文档(document)的左边缘

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>OFFSET</title>
    <style>
        #div1{
            height: 500px;
            width:500px;
            border: 1px solid red;
        }
        #div2{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            margin-left: 100px;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <div id="div2"></div>
    </div>
    <button οnclick="handle()">click</button>
    <script>

        function handle(){
            var d2 = document.getElementById("div2");
            alert(d2.offsetLeft);  //109
            console.log(d2.style.left)  //打印空白
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

(3)父元素相对定位(代码结构如上,就是父元素增加position:relative)子元素的offsetLeft是相对于父元素

        #div1{
            height: 500px;
            width:500px;
            border: 1px solid red;
            position: relative;
        }

子元素增加了position:absolute和left:10px; offsetLeft依然是相对于父

 

 (4)获取offsetLeft、offsetTop、offsetWidth、offsetHeight

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>OFFSET</title>
    <style>
        #div1{
            height: 500px;
            width:500px;
            border: 1px solid red;
            position: relative;
        }
        #div2{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            margin-left: 100px;
            position: absolute;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <div id="div2"></div>
    </div>
    <button οnclick="handle()">click</button>
    <script>

        function handle(){
            var d2 = document.getElementById("div2");
            console.log(offset(d2)); 
            
        }

          function offset(elem){
            var obj={
                left:elem.offsetLeft,
                top:elem.offsetTop,
                width:elem.offsetWidth,
                height:elem.offsetHeight
            }
          
            return obj;
  }

 
    </script>
</body>
</html>

 

(5)offsetParent的作用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>OFFSET</title>
    <style>
        #div1{
            height: 500px;
            width:500px;
            border: 1px solid red;
            position: relative;
        }
        #div2{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background: blue;
            margin-left: 100px;
            position: absolute;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="div1">
        <div id="div2"></div>
    </div>
    <button οnclick="handle()">click</button>
    <script>

        function handle(){
            var d2 = document.getElementById("div2");
            console.log(offset(d2)); 

        }

        function offset(elem){
            var obj={
                left:elem.offsetLeft,
                top:elem.offsetTop,
                width:elem.offsetWidth,
                height:elem.offsetHeight
            }
           while(elem != document.body){
                elem = elem.offsetParent ; 
                console.log(elem);
                obj.left += elem.offsetLeft ;  //得到是元素距离视口的左边距和上边距(不包括border)
                obj.top += elem.offsetTop ;
            }
            return obj;

}

 
    </script>
</body>
</html>

 解释:

 偏移量(offset dimension)是javascript中的一个重要的概念。涉及到偏移量的主要是offsetLeft、offsetTop、offsetHeight、offsetWidth这四个属性。当然,还有一个偏移参照——定位父级offsetParent。本文将详细介绍该部分内容

 

定位父级

  在理解偏移大小之前,首先要理解offsetParent。人们并没有把offsetParent翻译为偏移父级,而是翻译成定位父级,很大原因是offsetParent与定位有关

  定位父级offsetParent的定义是:与当前元素最近的经过定位(position不等于static)的父级元素,主要分为下列几种情况 

  【1】元素自身有fixed定位,offsetParent的结果为null

  当元素自身有fixed固定定位时,我们知道固定定位的元素相对于视口进行定位,此时没有定位父级,offsetParent的结果为null

  [注意]firefox浏览器有兼容性问题

<div id="test" style="position:fixed"></div>    
<script>
//firefox并没有考虑固定定位的问题,返回<body>,其他浏览器都返回null
console.log(test.offsetParent);
</script>

  【2】元素自身无fixed定位,且父级元素都未经过定位,offsetParent的结果为<body>

<div id="test"></div>    
<script>
console.log(test.offsetParent);//<body>
</script>

  【3】元素自身无fixed定位,且父级元素存在经过定位的元素,offsetParent的结果为离自身元素最近的经过定位的父级元素

<div id="div0" style="position:absolute;">
    <div id="div1" style="position:absolute;">
        <div id='test'></div>    
    </div>    
</div>
<script>
console.log(test.offsetParent);    //<div id="div1">
</script>

  【4】<body>元素的parentNode是null

console.log(document.body.offsetParent);//null

IE7-浏览器Bug

  对于定位父级offsetParent来说,IE7-浏览器存在以下bug

  【bug1】当元素本身经过绝对定位相对定位,且父级元素无经过定位的元素时,IE7-浏览器下,offsetParent是<html>

<div id="test" style="position:absolute;"></div>    
<script>
//IE7-浏览器返回<html>,其他浏览器返回<body>
console.log(test.offsetParent);
</script>
<div id="test" style="position:relative;"></div>    
<script>
//IE7-浏览器返回<html>,其他浏览器返回<body>
console.log(test.offsetParent);
</script>
<div id="test" style="position:fixed;"></div>    
<script>
//firefox并没有考虑固定定位的问题,返回<body>,其他浏览器都返回null
console.log(test.offsetParent);
</script>

  【bug2】如果父级元素存在触发haslayout的元素或经过定位的元素,且offsetParent的结果为离自身元素最近的经过定位或触发haslayout的父级元素

  [注意]关于haslayout的详细信息移步至此

<div id="div0" style="display:inline-block;">
    <div id='test'></div>    
</div>
<script>
//IE7-浏览器返回<div id="div0">,其他浏览器返回<body>
console.log(test.offsetParent);
</script>
<div id="div0" style="position:absolute;">
    <div id="div1" style="display:inline-block;">
        <div id='test'></div>    
    </div>    
</div>
<script>
//IE7-浏览器返回<div id="div1">,其他浏览器返回<div id="div0">
console.log(test.offsetParent);
</script>
<div id="div0" style="display:inline-block;">
    <div id="div1" style="position:absolute;">
        <div id='test'></div>    
    </div>    
</div>
<script>
//所有浏览器都返回<div id="div1">
console.log(test.offsetParent);
</script>

 

偏移量

  偏移量共包括offsetHeight、offsetWidth、offsetLeft、offsetTop这四个属性

offsetWidth

  offsetWidth表示元素在水平方向上占用的空间大小,无单位(以像素px计)

offsetWidth =  border-left-width + padding-left + width + padding-right + border-right-width; 

offsetHeight

  offsetHeight表示元素在垂直方向上占用的空间大小,无单位(以像素px计)

offsetHeight =  border-top-width + padding-top + height + padding-bottom + border-bottom-width
<div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; padding:10px; margin:10px; border:1px solid black;"></div>    
<script>
//122=1+10+100+10+1
console.log(test.offsetWidth);
console.log(test.offsetHeight);
</script>

  [注意]如果存在垂直滚动条,offsetWidth也包括垂直滚动条的宽度;如果存在水平滚动条,offsetHeight也包括水平滚动条的高度

<div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; padding:10px; margin:10px; border:1px solid black; overflow: scroll;"></div>    
<script>
//IE8-浏览器将垂直滚动条的宽度计算在width宽度和height高度中,width和height的值仍然是100px;
//而其他浏览器则把垂直滚动条的宽度从width宽度中移出,把水平滚动条的高度从height高度中移出,则滚动条宽度为17px,width宽度和height高度为剩下的83px

if(window.getComputedStyle){
    console.log(getComputedStyle(test).width,getComputedStyle(test).height)//83px
}else{
    console.log(test.currentStyle.width,test.currentStyle.height);//100px
}
//122=1+10+100+10+1
console.log(test.offsetWidth,test.offsetHeight);
</script>

offsetTop

  offsetTop表示元素的上外边框至offsetParent元素的上内边框之间的像素距离

offsetLeft

  offsetLeft表示元素的左外边框至offsetParent元素的左内边框之间的像素距离

<div id="out" style="padding: 5px;position: relative;margin: 6px;border:1px solid black">
    <div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; margin:10px;"></div>        
</div>
<script>
//15=test.marginTop(10) + out.paddingTop(5)
alert(test.offsetTop);
//15=test.marginLeft(10) + out.paddingLeft(5)
alert(test.offsetLeft);
</script>    

IE7-Bug

  IE7-浏览器在offsetTop属性的处理上存在bug

  【1】若父级设置position: relative,则在IE7-浏览器下,offsetTop值为offsetParent元素的paddingBottom值

<div id="out" style="padding: 5px;position: relative;">
    <div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; margin:10px;"></div>        
</div>
<script>
//其他浏览器返回15(5+10),而IE7-浏览器返回5
console.log(test.offsetTop);
</script>

  【2】若父级设置position: aboslute(或其他触发haslayout的条件),offsetTop值为offsetParent元素的paddingBottom值和当前元素的marginTop值的较大值

<div id="out" style="padding: 5px;position:absolute;">
    <div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; margin:10px;"></div>        
</div>
<script>
//其他浏览器返回15(5+10),而IE7-浏览器返回10(10和5的较大值)
console.log(test.offsetTop);
</script>

 

页面偏移

  要知道某个元素在页面上的偏移量,将这个元素的offsetLeft和offsetTop与其offsetParent的相同属性相加,并加上offsetParent的相应方向的边框,如此循环直到根元素,就可以得到元素到页面的偏移量

  [注意]在默认情况下,IE8-浏览器下如果使用currentStyle()方法获取<html>和<body>(甚至普通div元素)的边框宽度都是medium,而如果使用clientLeft(或clientTop)获取边框宽度,则是实际的数值

html,body{border: 0;}
body{margin:0;}
function getElementLeft(element){
    var actualLeft = element.offsetLeft;
    var current = element.offsetParent;
    while(current != null){
        actualLeft += current.offsetLeft + current.clientLeft;
        current = current.offsetParent;
    }
    return actualLeft + 'px';
}
function getElementTop(element){
    var actualTop = element.offsetTop;
    var current = element.offsetParent;
    while(current != null){
        actualTop += current.offsetTop + current.clientTop;
        current = current.offsetParent;
    }
    return actualTop + 'px';
} 
<div style="padding: 20px;border:1px solid black;position:absolute;">
    <div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; margin:10px;"></div>        
</div>        
<script>
//其他浏览器返回31(10+20+1),而IE7-浏览器返回21((20和10的较大值)+1)
console.log(getElementTop(test));
//所有浏览器返回31(10+20+1)
console.log(getElementLeft(test));
</script>

 

注意事项

  【1】所有偏移量属性都是只读的

<div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; margin:10px;"></div>        
<script>
console.log(test.offsetWidth);//100
//IE8-浏览器会报错,其他浏览器则静默失败
test.offsetWidth = 10;
console.log(test.offsetWidth);//100
</script>

  【2】如果给元素设置了display:none,则它的偏移量属性都为0

<div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; margin:10px;display:none"></div>
<script>
console.log(test.offsetWidth);//0
console.log(test.offsetTop);//0
</script>

  【3】每次访问偏移量属性都需要重新计算

<div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; margin:10px;"></div>        
<script>
console.time("time");
for(var i = 0; i < 100000; i++){
    var a = test.offsetWidth;
}
console.timeEnd('time');//65.129ms
</script>
<div id="test" style="width:100px; height:100px; margin:10px;"></div>        
<script>
console.time("time");
var a = test.offsetWidth;
for(var i = 0; i < 100000; i++){
    var b = a;
}
console.timeEnd('time');//1.428ms
</script>

  由上面代码对比可知,重复访问偏移量属性需要耗费大量的性能,所以要尽量避免重复访问这些属性。如果需要重复访问,则把它们的值保存在变量中,以提高性能

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/emma-post/p/10040871.html

请根据代码片段仿写实现div左下角拖拽移动用具体代码实现,import Vue from 'vue' Vue.directive('dialogZoomOut', { bind(el, binding, vnode, oldVnode) { let minWidth = 400;let minHeight = 300;let isFullScreen = false; let nowWidth = 0;let nowHight = 0;let nowMarginTop = 0;const dialogHeaderEl = el.querySelector('.el-dialog__header');const dragDom = el.querySelector('.el-dialog');dragDom.style.overflow = "auto";dialogHeaderEl.onselectstart = new Function("return false");dialogHeaderEl.style.cursor = 'move';const sty = dragDom.currentStyle || window.getComputedStyle(dragDom, null);let moveDown = (e) => {const disX = e.clientX - dialogHeaderEl.offsetLeft;const disY = e.clientY - dialogHeaderEl.offsetTop;let styL, styT;if (sty.left.includes('%')) {styL = +document.body.clientWidth * (+sty.left.replace(/%/g, '') / 100);styT = +document.body.clientHeight * (+sty.top.replace(/%/g, '') / 100);} else {styL = +sty.left.replace(/px/g, '');styT = +sty.top.replace(/px/g, '');};document.onmousemove = function (e) {const l = e.clientX - disX;const t = e.clientY - disY;dragDom.style.left = `${l + styL}px`;dragDom.style.top = `${t + styT}px`;};document.onmouseup = function (e) {document.onmousemove = null;document.onmouseup = null;};}dialogHeaderEl.onmousedown = moveDown;dialogHeaderEl.ondblclick = (e) => {if (isFullScreen == false) {nowHight = dragDom.clientHeight;nowWidth = dragDom.clientWidth;nowMarginTop = dragDom.style.marginTop;dragDom.style.left = 0;dragDom.style.top = 0;dragDom.style.height = "100VH";dragDom.style.width = "100VW";dragDom.style.marginTop = 0;isFullScreen = true;dialogHeaderEl.style.cursor = 'initial';dialogHeaderEl.onmousedown = null;} else {dragDom.style.height = "auto";dragDom.style.width = nowWidth + 'px';dragDom.style.marginTop = nowMarginTop;isFullScreen = false;dialogHeaderEl.style.cursor = 'move';dialogHeaderEl.onmousedown = moveDown;}}let resizeEl = document.createElement("div");dragDom.appendChild(resizeEl);resizeEl.style.cursor = 'se-resize';resizeEl.style.position = 'absolute';resizeEl.style.height = '10px';resizeEl.style.width = '10px';resizeEl.style.right = '0px';resizeEl.style.bottom = '0px';resizeEl.style.zIndex = '99';resizeEl.onmousedown = (e) => {let clientX = e.clientX;let disX = e.clientX - resizeEl.offsetLeft;let disY = e.clientY - resizeEl.offsetTop;document.onmousemove = function (e) {e.preventDefault(); let x = e.clientX - disX + (e.clientX - clientX);let y = e.clientY - disY;dragDom.style.width = x > minWidth ? `${x}px` : minWidth + 'px';dragDom.style.height = y > minHeight ? `${y}px` : minHeight + 'px';};document.onmouseup = function (e) {document.onmousemove = null;document.onmouseup = null;};}}})
最新发布
06-01
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