非递归的快速排序算法 (转)

本节用非递归算法来实现快速排序算法,通常非递归算法用栈来实现,本节先介绍使用栈的非递归算法,然后介绍一个不使用栈的非递归算法。

    1. 使用栈的非递归算法

    使用栈的非递归算法编码如下。
    /** 快速排序算法的使用栈的非递归算法函数
    @param SORTTABLE *pTable——排序表指针
    @param UINT uStart——表中要排序数据区间的起点,为数组下标
    @param UINT uEnd——表中要排序数据区间的终点,为数组下标
    @param COMPAREFUNC CompareFunc——数据比较函数
    @return void——无
    void SortTable_QuickSort2( SORTTABLE *pTable,UINT uStart,UINT uEnd,
    COMPAREFUNC CompareFunc)
    { 
        STACK *pStack; 
        UINT uLow; 
        UINT uHigh; 
        UINT uMid; 
        uLow = uStart; 
        uHigh = uEnd; 
        pStack = Stack_Create(uHigh - uEnd); 
        (void)Stack_Push(pStack,(void *)uLow); 
        (void)Stack_Push(pStack,(void *)uHigh); 
        while ( !Stack_IsEmpty(pStack) ) 
        { 
            uHigh = (UINT)Stack_Pop(pStack); 
            uLow = (UINT)Stack_Pop(pStack); 


            if ( uLow < uHigh ) 
            { 
                uMid = SortTable_Split(pTable,uLow,uHigh,CompareFunc ); 
                if ( uMid > uLow ) 
                { 
                    (void)Stack_Push(pStack,(void *)uLow ); 
                    (void)Stack_Push(pStack,(void *)(uMid-1 )); 
                } 
                if ( uHigh > uMid ) 
                { 
                    (void)Stack_Push(pStack,(void *)(uMid + 1) ); 
                    (void)Stack_Push(pStack,(void *)uHigh); 
                } 
            } 
            Stack_Destroy(pStack,NULL); 
        }
    }

    在使用栈的非递归算法中,要频繁调用栈的操作函数,函数调用的开销是很大的,如果把栈操作改成不用栈函数调用,则效率会有所提高。

    2. 不使用栈的非递归算法

    不使用栈函数调用的非递归算法编码如下。
    /** 排序表的快速排序函数,不使用栈调用的非递归算法,将指定区间的数据用快速排序算
    法排好
    @param SORTTABLE *pTable——排序表指针
    @param UINT uStart——要排序的区间起点
    @param UINT uEnd——要排序的区间终点
    @param COMPAREFUNC CompareFunc——数据比较函数
    @return void——无
    */
    void SortTable_QuickSort( SORTTABLE *pTable,UINT uStart,UINT uEnd,
    COMPAREFUNC CompareFunc)
    { 
        UINT *puStack; 
        UINT uStackTop;  软件开发网 www.mscto.com
        UINT uLow; 
        UINT uHigh; 
        UINT uMid;
 if ( uEnd-uStart < 1 )
        { 
            return; 
        } 
        uLow = uStart; 
        uHigh = uEnd; 
        puStack = (UINT *)malloc((uHigh-uLow + 1) *sizeof(UINT)); 
        if ( puStack == NULL ) 
        { 
            return CAPI_FAILED; 
        } 
        uStackTop = 0; 
        puStack[uStackTop] = uLow; 
        ++uStackTop; 
        puStack[uStackTop] = uHigh; 
        ++uStackTop; 
        while ( uStackTop != 0 ) 
        { 
            --uStackTop; 
            uHigh = puStack[uStackTop]; 
            --uStackTop; 
            uLow = puStack[uStackTop]; 
            if ( uLow < uHigh ) 
            { 
                uMid = SortTable_Split(pTable,uLow,uHigh,CompareFunc ); 
                if ( uMid-uLow > uHigh-uMid ) 
                { 
                    puStack[uStackTop] = uLow; 
                    ++uStackTop; 
                    puStack[uStackTop] = uMid-1; 
                    ++uStackTop; 
                    if ( uHigh > uMid ) 
                    { 
                        puStack[uStackTop] = uMid + 1; 
                        ++uStackTop; 
                        puStack[uStackTop] = uHigh; 
                        ++uStackTop; 
                    }  
                } 
                else 
                { 
                    puStack[uStackTop] = uMid + 1; 
                    ++uStackTop; 
                    puStack[uStackTop] = uHigh; 
                    ++uStackTop; 
                    if ( uMid > uLow ) 
                    { 
                        puStack[uStackTop] = uLow; 
                        ++uStackTop; 
                        puStack[uStackTop] = uMid-1; 
                        ++uStackTop; 
                    } 
                } 
            } 
        } 
        free( puStack );
    }

    至此,我们介绍了快速排序算法的三个不同版本:递归实现、使用栈的非递归实现、不使用栈的非递归实现。在这里需要讨论一下递归算法和非递归算法的效率问题。

 

 

=============================================================================

 

非递归的方式实现快速排序

     前段看到过一个问题(忘记在哪里了),用非递归的方式实现快速排序,今天又翻了出来,把代码贴上,给自己以后留个参考,代码中包括自己当时对程序改进的过程,请大家多提意见。

#include "stdafx.h"

#include <iostream>

#include <stack>

 

#define MAX_SIZE      10

using namespace std;

 

typedef int elem;

typedef std::stack<int> Stack;

 

int partition(elem *pData, int low, int high);

void swap(elem& a, elem& b);

void qsort(elem* pData, int low, int high);

void qsort2(elem* pData, int low, int high);

void qsort3(elem* pData, int low, int high);

 

int partition(elem *pData, int low, int high)

{

       elem key = pData[low];

 

       while(low < high)

       {

              while(low < high && pData[high] >= key)

                     high--;

 

              swap(pData[low], pData[high]);

 

              while(low < high && pData[low] <= key)

                     low++;

 

              swap(pData[low], pData[high]);

       }

 

       return low;

}

 

void swap(elem& a, elem& b)

{

       if(&a != &b)

       {

              a ^= b;

              b ^= a;

              a ^= b;

       }

 

}


//这个是原始的算法 

void qsort(elem* pData, int low, int high)

{

       if(low < high)

       {

              int pivot = partition(pData, low, high);

              qsort(pData, low, pivot - 1);

              qsort(pData, pivot + 1, high);

       }

}


//这个是第一次转化成递归以后的算法

void qsort2(elem* pData, int low, int high)

{

       Stack st;

 

       if(low < high)

       {

              int pivot = partition(pData, low, high);

              st.push(low);

              st.push(pivot - 1);

 

              st.push(pivot + 1);

              st.push(high);

             

              while(!st.empty())

              {

                     high = st.top();

                     st.pop();

                     low = st.top();

                     st.pop();

                    

                     pivot = partition(pData, low, high);

                    

                     if(low < high)

                     {

                            st.push(low);

                            st.push(pivot - 1);

 

                            st.push(pivot + 1);

                            st.push(high);

                     }

              }

       }

}


//这个是转化成递归以后改进的算法
void qsort3(elem* pData, int low, int high)

{

       Stack st;

       int tmp;

 

       if(low < high)

       {

              int pivot = partition(pData, low, high);

              st.push(low);

              st.push(pivot - 1);

 

              st.push(pivot + 1);

              st.push(high);

             

              while(!st.empty())

              {

                     high = st.top();

                     st.pop();

                     low = st.top();

                     st.pop();

                    

                     if(low < high)

                     {

                            pivot = partition(pData, low, high);

                           

                            tmp = pivot - 1;

                            if(low < tmp)

                            {

                                   st.push(low);

                                   st.push(tmp);

                            }

 

                            tmp = pivot + 1;

                            if(tmp < high)

                            {

                                   st.push(tmp);

                                   st.push(high);

                            }

                     }

              }

       }

}

 

//测试代码
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])

{

      

       elem data[MAX_SIZE] = {12, 1, 13, 14, 67, 23, 12, 3, 90, 76};

       //qsort(data, 0, MAX_SIZE - 1);

       //qsort2(data, 0, MAX_SIZE - 1);

       qsort3(data, 0, MAX_SIZE - 1);

      

       for(int i=0; i< MAX_SIZE; i++)

       {

              cout << data[i] << " ";

       }

 

       cout << endl;

      

       cin.get();

       return 0;

}

 

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yelang5012/archive/2013/04/03/2998425.html

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